15. Soḷasakanipāto

July 17, 2020March 9, 2021 Dhamma Paññā 322 Views Theragāthā-aṭṭhakathā-2 trong Khuddakanikāya (aṭṭhakathā)

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15. Soḷasakanipāto
- 1. Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
- 2. Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

15. Soḷasakanipāto

1. Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Soḷasakanipāte esa bhiyyotiādikā āyasmato aññāsikoṇḍaññattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ attano sāsane paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammarattaññūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthento satasahassabhikkhuparivārassa satthuno sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyataṃ disvā bhāviniṃ sampattiṃ byākāsi. So yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā satthari parinibbute cetiye patiṭṭhāpiyamāne antocetiye ratanagharaṃ kāresi, cetiyaṃ parivāretvā sahassaratanagghiyāni ca kāresi.

So evaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cavitvā, devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato kāle mahākālo nāma kuṭumbiko hutvā aṭṭhakarīsamatte khette sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā, gahitasālitaṇḍulehi asambhinnakhīrapāyāsaṃ sampādetvā, tattha madhusappisakkarādayo pakkhipitvā, buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa adāsi. Sāligabbhaṃ phāletvā gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati, puthukakāle puthukaggaṃ nāma adāsi. Lāyane lāyanaggaṃ, veṇikaraṇe veṇaggaṃ, kalāpādikaraṇe kalāpaggaṃ, khalaggaṃ, bhaṇḍaggaṃ, minaggaṃ, koṭṭhagganti; evaṃ ekasasse nava vāre aggadānaṃ nāma adāsi. Tampi sassaṃ atirekataraṃ sampannaṃ ahosi.

Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā, tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto, amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva kapilavatthunagarassa avidūre doṇavatthunāmake brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇamahāsālakule nibbatti. Tassa koṇḍaññoti gottato āgataṃ nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā lakkhaṇamantesu ca pāraṃ agamāsi. Tena samayena amhākaṃ bodhisatto tusitapurato cavitvā kapilavatthupure suddhodanamahārājassa gehe nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase aṭṭhuttarasatesu brāhmaṇesu upanītesu ye aṭṭha brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggahaṇatthaṃ mahātalaṃ upanītā. So tesu sabbanavako hutvā, mahāpurisassa lakkhaṇanipphattiṃ disvā, ‘‘ekaṃsena ayaṃ buddho bhavissatī’’ti niṭṭhaṃ gantvā mahāsattassa abhinikkhamanaṃ udikkhanto vicarati.

Bodhisattopi kho mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhamāno anukkamena vuddhippatto ñāṇaparipākaṃ gantvā ekūnatiṃsatime vasse mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamanto anomānadītīre pabbajitvā anukkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā padhānaṃ padahi. Tadā koṇḍañño māṇavo mahāsattassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ sutvā, lakkhaṇapariggāhakabrāhmaṇānaṃ puttehi vappamāṇavādīhi saddhiṃ attapañcamo pabbajitvā, anukkamena bodhisattassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, chabbassāni taṃ upaṭṭhahanto tassa oḷārikāhāraparibhogena nibbinno apakkamitvā isipatanaṃ agamāsi. Atha kho bodhisatto oḷārikāhāraparibhogena laddhakāyabalo vesākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ bodhirukkhamūle aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā, abhisambuddho hutvā, sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍeyeva vītināmetvā, pañcavaggiyānaṃ ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā, āsāḷhīpuṇṇamāyaṃ isipatanaṃ gantvā, tesaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 13 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne koṇḍaññatthero aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Atha pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa anattalakkhaṇasuttantadesanāya (mahāva. 20; saṃ. ni. 3.59) arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.596-612) –

‘‘Padumuttarasambuddhaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ vināyakaṃ;

Buddhabhūmimanuppattaṃ, paṭhamaṃ addasaṃ ahaṃ.

‘‘Yāvatā bodhiyā mūle, yakkhā sabbe samāgatā;

Sambuddhaṃ parivāretvā, vandanti pañjalīkatā.

‘‘Sabbe devā tuṭṭhamanā, ākāse sañcaranti te;

Buddho ayaṃ anuppatto, andhakāratamonudo.

‘‘Tesaṃ hāsaparetānaṃ, mahānādo avattatha;

Kilese jhāpayissāma, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Devānaṃ giramaññāya, vācāsabhimudīrihaṃ;

Haṭṭho haṭṭhena cittena, ādibhikkhamadāsahaṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke anuttaro;

Devasaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Sattāhaṃ abhinikkhamma, bodhiṃ ajjhagamaṃ ahaṃ;

Idaṃ me paṭhamaṃ bhattaṃ, brahmacārissa yāpanaṃ.

‘‘Tusitā hi idhāgantvā, yo me bhikkhaṃ upānayi;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇotha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Tiṃsakappasahassāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Sabbe deve abhibhotvā, tidivaṃ āvasissati.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Sahassadhā cakkavattī, tattha rajjaṃ karissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Tidasā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;

Agārā pabbajitvāna, chabbassāni vasissati.

‘‘Tato sattamake vasse, buddho saccaṃ kathessati;

Koṇḍañño nāma nāmena, paṭhamaṃ sacchikāhiti.

‘‘Nikkhantenānupabbajiṃ, padhānaṃ sukataṃ mayā;

Kilese jhāpanatthāya, pabbajiṃ, anagāriyaṃ.

‘‘Abhigantvāna sabbaññū, buddho loke sadevake;

Isināme migāraññe, amatabherimāhani.

‘‘So dāni patto amataṃ, santipadamanuttaraṃ;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Atha naṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavanamahāvihāre bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno paṭhamaṃ paṭividdhadhammabhāvaṃ dīpento, ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ aññāsikoṇḍañño’’ti (a. ni. 1.188) etadagge ṭhapesi. So dvīhi aggasāvakehi attani karīyamānaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ gāmantasenāsane ākiṇṇavihārañca pariharitukāmo, vivekābhiratiyā viharitukāmo ca attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ paṭisanthārakaraṇampi papañcaṃ maññamāno satthāraṃ āpucchitvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā chaddantehi nāgehi upaṭṭhiyamāno chaddantadahatīre dvādasa vassāni vasi. Evaṃ tattha vasantaṃ theraṃ ekadivasaṃ sakko devarājā upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ṭhito evamāha – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, ayyo dhammaṃ desetū’’ti. Thero tassa catusaccagabbhaṃ tilakkhaṇāhataṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ nānānayavicittaṃ amatogadhaṃ buddhalīlāya dhammaṃ desesi. Taṃ sutvā sakko attano pasādaṃ pavedento –

673.

‘‘Esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasaṃ;

Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbaso’’ti. – paṭhamaṃ gāthamāha;

Tattha esa bhiyyo pasīdāmi, sutvā dhammaṃ mahārasanti yadipi anekavāraṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā tattha abhippasanno. Idāni pana tumhehi kathitaṃ nānānayavicittatāya asecanakatāya ca mahārasaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā eso ahaṃ tato bhiyyo pasīdāmi. Virāgo desito dhammo, anupādāya sabbasoti sabbasaṃkilesato sabbasaṅkhārato ca virajjanato virāgajananato virāgo. Tato eva rūpādīsu kañci dhammaṃ anupādāya aggahetvā vimuttisādhanavasena pavattattā sabbaso anupādāya desito.

Evaṃ sakko devarājā therassa desanaṃ thometvā theraṃ abhivādetvā sakaṭṭhānameva gato. Athekadivasaṃ thero micchāvitakkehi abhibhuyyamānānaṃ ekaccānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ cittācāraṃ disvā tappaṭipakkhabhūtañcassa anukkamaṃ anussaritvā, attano ca sabbaso tato vinivattitamānasataṃ āvajjetvā tadatthaṃ dīpetvā –

674.

‘‘Bahūni loke citrāni, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;

Mathenti maññe saṅkappaṃ, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.

675.

‘‘Rajamuhatañca vātena, yathā meghopasammaye;

Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatī’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha bahūni loke citrānīti rūpādivasena tatthāpi nīlapītādivasena itthipurisādivasena ca anekāni loke cittavicittāni ārammaṇajātāni. Asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍaleti paccakkhabhūtaṃ manussalokaṃ sandhāya vadati. Mathenti maññe saṅkappanti tajjaṃ purisavāyāmasahitaṃ araṇisahitaṃ viya aggiṃ ayonisomanasikārābhisaṅkhātāni micchāsaṅkappāni mathenti maññe mathentāni viya tiṭṭhanti. Kīdisaṃ? Subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ, kāmavitakkanti attho. So hi subhākāraggahaṇena ‘‘subho’’ti voharīyati.

Rajamuhatañcavātenāti ca-iti nipātamattaṃ. Yathā gimhānaṃ pacchime māse vātena ūhataṃ uṭṭhitaṃ rajaṃ mahāmegho vassanto upasammaye, vūpasameyya. Evaṃ sammanti saṅkappā, yadā paññāya passatīti yadā ariyasāvako tāni lokacitrāni samudayato, assādato, ādīnavato, nissaraṇato ca yathābhūtaṃ paññāya passati, atha yathā taṃ rajaṃ uhataṃ meghena, evaṃ sammanti paññāya sabbepi micchāsaṅkappā. Na hi uppannāya sammādiṭṭhiyā micchāsaṅkappā patiṭṭhaṃ labhanti. Yathā pana paññāya passati, taṃ dassento –

676.

‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati;

Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā.

677.

‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhāti…pe… esa maggo visuddhiyā.

678.

‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattāti, yadā paññāya passati;

Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti. –

Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha sabbe saṅkhārāti chaḷārammaṇasaṅgahā sabbe tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā. Aniccāti ‘‘ādimajjhaantavantato, aniccantikato, tāvakālikato, tattha tattha bhijjanato na niccā’’ti yadā vipassanāpaññāya passati. Atha nibbindati dukkheti atha imasmiṃ vaṭṭadukkhe nibbindati, nibbindanto dukkhaparijānanādividhinā saccāni paṭivijjhati. Esa maggo visuddhiyāti esa yathāvutto vipassanāvidhi ñāṇadassanavisuddhiyā, accantavisuddhiyā ca maggo adhigamupāyo.

Dukkhāti sappaṭibhayato, udayabbayasampaṭipīḷanato, dukkhamato, sukhapaṭikkhepato ca dukkhā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Sabbe dhammā anattāti sabbepi catubhūmakā dhammā anattā. Idha pana tebhūmakadhammāva gahetabbā. Te hi asārato, avasavattanato, suññato, attapaṭikkhepato ca anattāti vipassitabbā. Sesaṃ purimasadisameva.

Evaṃ vipassanāvidhiṃ dassetvā tena vidhinā katakiccaṃ attānaṃ aññaṃ viya katvā dassento –

679.

‘‘Buddhānubuddho yo thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo;

Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī.

680.

‘‘Oghapāso daḷhakhilo, pabbato duppadālayo;

Chetvā khilañca pāsañca, selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidaṃ;

Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, mutto so mārabandhanā’’ti. –

Gāthādvayamāha.

Tattha buddhānubuddhoti buddhānaṃ anubuddho, sammāsambuddhehi bujjhitāni saccāni tesaṃ desanānusārena bujjhatīti attho. Thirehi asekkhehi sīlasārādīhi samannāgatoti, thero. Koṇḍaññoti gottakittanaṃ. Tibbanikkamoti daḷhavīriyo, thiraparakkamo. Jātimaraṇānaṃ pahīnakāraṇattā pahīnajātimaraṇo. Brahmacariyassa kevalīti maggabrahmacariyassa anavasesaṃ, anavasesato vā maggabrahmacariyassa pāripūrako, atha vā kevalī nāma kilesehi asammissatāya maggañāṇaṃ phalañāṇañca, taṃ imasmiṃ atthīti kevalī. Yasmā pana tadubhayampi maggabrahmacariyassa vasena hoti na aññathā, tasmā ‘‘brahmacariyassa kevalī’’ti vuttaṃ.

Oghapāsoti ‘‘kāmogho, bhavogho, diṭṭhogho, avijjogho’’ti (dha. sa. 1156; vibha. 938) evaṃ vuttā cattāro oghā – ‘‘antalikkhacaro pāso, yvāyaṃ carati mānaso’’ti (mahāva. 33; saṃ. ni. 1.151) evaṃ vutto rāgapāso ca. Daḷhakhiloti ‘‘satthari kaṅkhati, dhamme kaṅkhati, saṅghe kaṅkhati, sikkhāya kaṅkhati, sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto’’ti (ma. ni. 1.185; a. ni. 5.205) evaṃ vutto daḷho thiro pañcavidho cetokhilo ca. Pacurajanehi padāletuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya duppadālayo. Tato eva pabbatasadisatāya pabbatoti ca saṅkhaṃ gato. ‘‘Dukkhe aññāṇa’’ntiādinā (vibha. 226; saṃ. ni. 2.2) vā nayena vutto aññāṇappabhedo ca. Iti etaṃ sabbaṃ chetvā khilañca pāsañcāti etesu catubbidhesu saṃkilesadhammesu yo khilañca pāsañca ariyamaggañāṇāsinā chinditvā. Selaṃ bhetvāna dubbhidanti yena kenaci ñāṇena chindituṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ aññāṇaselaṃ vajirūpamañāṇena chinditvā, cattāropi oghe taritvā, tesaṃ paratīre nibbāne ṭhitattā tiṇṇo pāraṅgato. Ārammaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇenāti duvidhenapi jhāyī; mutto so mārabandhanāti so evarūpo khīṇāsavo sabbasmāpi kilesamārabandhanā mutto vippamutto visaṃyuttoti. Attānameva sandhāya thero vadati.

Athekadivasaṃ thero, attano saddhivihārikaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ akalyāṇamittasaṃsaggena kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ uddhataṃ unnaḷaṃ viharantaṃ disvā, iddhiyā tattha gantvā, taṃ ‘‘mā, āvuso, evaṃ kari, akalyāṇamitte pahāya kalyāṇamitte sevanto samaṇadhammaṃ karohī’’ti ovadi. So therassa vacanaṃ nādiyi. Thero tassa anādiyanena dhammasaṃvegappatto puggalādhiṭṭhānāya kathāya micchāpaṭipattiṃ garahanto sammāpaṭipattiṃ vivekavāsañca pasaṃsanto –

681.

‘‘Uddhato capalo bhikkhu, mitte āgamma pāpake;

Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjito.

682.

‘‘Anuddhato acapalo, nipako saṃvutindriyo;

Kalyāṇamitto medhāvī, dukkhassantakaro siyā.

683.

‘‘Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāso, kiso dhamanisanthato;

Mattaññū annapānasmiṃ, adīnamanaso naro.

684.

‘‘Phuṭṭho ḍaṃsehi makasehi, araññasmiṃ brahāvane;

Nāgo saṅgāmasīseva, sato tatrādhivāsaye.

685-6.

‘‘Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ…pe… sampajāno patissato.

687.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā…pe… bhavanetti samūhatā.

688.

‘‘Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

So me attho anuppatto, kiṃ me saddhivihārinā’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha uddhatoti uddhaccayutto asamāhito vikkhittacitto. Capaloti pattacīvaramaṇḍanādinā cāpalyena samannāgato lolapakatiko. Mitte āgamma pāpaketi akalyāṇamitte nissāya samaṇadhammaṃ akaronto. Saṃsīdati mahoghasmiṃ, ūmiyā paṭikujjitoti yathā mahāsamudde patitapuriso samuddavīcīhi otthaṭo sīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati, evaṃ saṃsāramahoghasmiṃ paribbhamanto kodhupāyāsaūmiyā paṭikujjito otthaṭo vipassanāvasena paññāsīsaṃ ukkhipituṃ alabhanto tattheva saṃsīdati.

Nipakoti nipuṇo, attatthaparatthesu kusalo. Saṃvutindriyoti manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ saṃvaraṇena pihitindriyo. Kalyāṇamittoti kalyāṇehi mittehi samannāgato. Medhāvīti dhammojapaññāya samaṅgībhūto. Dukkhassantakaro siyāti so tādiso sakalassāpi vaṭṭadukkhassa antakaro bhaveyya.

Kālapabbaṅgasaṅkāsotiādi vivekābhiratikittanaṃ. Nābhinandāmītiādi pana katakiccabhāvadassanaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.607) vuttatthameva. Osāne pana kiṃ me saddhivihārināti attano saddhivihārikaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tasmā edisena dubbacena anādarena saddhivihārinā kiṃ me payojanaṃ ekavihāroyeva mayhaṃ ruccatīti attho.

Evaṃ pana vatvā chaddantadahameva gato. Tattha dvādasa vassāni vasitvā upakaṭṭhe parinibbāne satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā parinibbānaṃ anujānāpetvā tattheva gantvā parinibbāyi.

Aññāsikoṇḍaññattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Manussabhūtantiādikā āyasmato udāyittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā udāyīti laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā, paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tayo hi ime udāyittherā amaccaputto pubbe āgato kāḷudāyī, kovariyaputto lāludāyī, ayaṃ brāhmaṇaputto mahāudāyīti. Svāyaṃ ekadivasaṃ satthārā setavāraṇaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahājanena pasaṃsiyamānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā nāgopamasuttante (a. ni. 6.43) desite desanāpariyosāne attano ñāṇabalānurūpaṃ satthu guṇe anussaritvā, buddhārammaṇāya pītiyā samussāhitamānaso ‘‘ayaṃ mahājano imaṃ tiracchānagataṃ nāgaṃ pasaṃsati, na buddhamahānāgaṃ. Handāhaṃ buddhamahāgandhahatthino guṇe pākaṭe karissāmī’’ti satthāraṃ thomento –

689.

‘‘Manussabhūtaṃ sambuddhaṃ, attadantaṃ samāhitaṃ;

Iriyamānaṃ brahmapathe, cittassūpasame rataṃ.

690.

‘‘Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ;

Devāpi taṃ namassanti, iti me arahato sutaṃ.

691.

‘‘Sabbasaṃyojanātītaṃ , vanā nibbanamāgataṃ;

Kāmehi nekkhammarataṃ, muttaṃ selāva kañcanaṃ.

692.

‘‘Sa ve accaruci nāgo, himavāvaññe siluccaye;

Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānaṃ, saccanāmo anuttaro.

693.

‘‘Nāgaṃ vo kittayissāmi, na hi āguṃ karoti so;

Soraccaṃ avihiṃsā ca, pādā nāgassa te duve.

694.

‘‘Sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare;

Saddhāhattho mahānāgo, upekkhāsetadantavā.

695.

‘‘Sati gīvā siro paññā, vīmaṃsā dhammacintanā;

Dhammakucchisamāvāso, viveko tassa vāladhi.

696.

‘‘So jhāyī assāsarato, ajjhattaṃ susamāhito;

Gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo, ṭhito nāgo samāhito.

697.

‘‘Sayaṃ samāhito nāgo, nisinnopi samāhito;

Sabbattha saṃvuto nāgo, esā nāgassa sampadā.

698.

‘‘Bhuñjati anavajjāni, sāvajjāni na bhuñjati;

Ghāsamacchādanaṃ laddhā, sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ.

699.

‘‘Saṃyojanaṃ aṇuṃ thūlaṃ, sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhanaṃ;

Yena yeneva gacchati, anapekkhova gacchati.

700.

‘‘Yathāpi udake jātaṃ, puṇḍarīkaṃ pavaḍḍhati;

Nopalippati toyena, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.

701.

‘‘Tatheva ca loke jāto, buddho loke viharati;

Nopalippati lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā.

702.

‘‘Mahāgini pajjalito, anāhāropasammati;

Aṅgāresu ca santesu, nibbutoti pavuccati.

703.

‘‘Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanī, upamā viññūhi desitā;

Viññissanti mahānāgā, nāgaṃ nāgena desitaṃ.

704.

‘‘Vītarāgo vītadoso, vītamoho anāsavo;

Sarīraṃ vijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavo’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha manussabhūtanti manussesu bhūtaṃ, nibbattaṃ; manussattabhāvaṃ vā pattaṃ. Satthā hi āsavakkhayañāṇādhigamena sabbagativimuttopi carimattabhāve gahitapaṭisandhivasena ‘‘manusso’’tveva voharīyatīti. Guṇavasena pana devānaṃ atidevo, brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Sambuddhanti sayameva bujjhitabbabuddhavantaṃ. Attadantanti attanāyeva dantaṃ. Bhagavā hi attanāyeva uppāditena ariyamaggena cakkhutopi…pe… manatopi uttamena damathena danto. Samāhitanti aṭṭhavidhena samādhinā maggaphalasamādhinā ca samāhitaṃ. Iriyamānaṃ brahmapatheti catubbidhepi brahmavihārapathe, brahme vā seṭṭhe phalasamāpattipathe samāpajjanavasena pavattamānaṃ. Kiñcāpi bhagavā na sabbakālaṃ yathāvutte brahmapathe iriyati, tattha iriyasāmatthiyaṃ pana tanninnatañca upādāya ‘‘iriyamāna’’nti vuttaṃ. Cittassūpasame ratanti cittassa upasamahetubhūte sabbasaṅkhārasamathe, nibbāne, abhirataṃ. Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāragunti yaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ sabbesaṃ khandhāyatanādidhammānaṃ abhiññāpāragū, pariññāpāragū, pahānapāragū, bhāvanāpāragū, sacchikiriyapāragū, samāpattipāragūti chadhā pāraguṃ paramukkaṃsagatasampattiṃ khattiyapaṇḍitādayo manussā namassanti. Dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā pūjentā kāyena vācāya manasā ca tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā honti. Devāpi taṃ namassantīti na kevalaṃ manussā eva, atha kho aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu devāpi taṃ namassanti. Iti me arahato sutanti evaṃ mayā ārakattādīhi kāraṇehi arahato, bhagavato, dhammasenāpatiādīnañca ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’ntiādikaṃ vadantānaṃ santike evaṃ sutanti dasseti.

Sabbasaṃyojanātītanti sabbāni dasapi saṃyojanāni yathārahaṃ catūhi maggehi saha vāsanāya atikkantaṃ. Vanā nibbanamāgatanti kilesavanato tabbirahitaṃ nibbanaṃ upagataṃ. Kāmehi nekkhammaratanti sabbaso kāmehi nikkhamitvā pabbajjājhānavipassanādibhede nekkhamme abhirataṃ. Muttaṃ selāva kañcananti asārato nissaṭasārasabhāvattā selato nissaṭakañcanasadisaṃ devāpi taṃ namassantīti yojanā.

Save accaruci nāgoti so ekaṃsato āguṃ na karoti, punabbhavaṃ na gacchati; nāgo viya balavāti. ‘‘Nāgo’’ti laddhanāmo sammāsambuddho, accarucīti attano kāyaruciyā ñāṇaruciyā ca sadevakaṃ lokaṃ atikkamitvā ruci, sobhi. Yathā kiṃ? Himavāvaññe siluccaye, yathā hi himavā pabbatarājā attano thiragarumahāsārabhāvādīhi guṇehi aññe pabbate atirocati, evaṃ atirocatīti attho. Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānanti ahināgahatthināgapurisanāgānaṃ , sekhāsekhapaccekabuddhanāgānaṃ vā. Saccanāmoti sacceneva nāganāmo. Taṃ pana saccanāmataṃ ‘‘na hi āguṃ karotī’’tiādinā sayameva vakkhati.

Idāni buddhanāgaṃ avayavato ca dassento nāmato tāva dassetuṃ ‘‘na hi āguṃ karoti so’’ti āha. Yasmā āguṃ, pāpaṃ, sabbena sabbaṃ na karoti, tasmā nāgoti attho. Soraccanti sīlaṃ. Avihiṃsāti karuṇā. Tadubhayaṃ sabbassapi guṇarāsissa pubbaṅgamanti, katvā buddhanāgassa purimapādabhāvo tassa yuttoti āha ‘‘pādā nāgassa te duve’’ti.

Aparapādabhāvena vadanto ‘‘sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare’’ti āha. ‘‘Tyāpare’’ti vā pāṭho. Te aparetveva padavibhāgo. Anavajjadhammānaṃ ādāne saddhā hattho etassāti, saddhāhattho. Suparisuddhavedanā ñāṇappabhedā upekkhā setadantā te etassa atthīti, upekkhāsetadantavā.

Uttamaṅgaṃ paññā, tassā adhiṭṭhānaṃ satīti āha ‘‘sati gīvā siro paññā’’ti. Vīmaṃsā dhammacintanāti yathā khāditabbākhāditabbassa soṇḍāya parāmasanaṃ ghāyanañca hatthināgassa vīmaṃsā nāma hoti, evaṃ buddhanāgassa kusalādidhammacintanā vīmaṃsā. Samā vasanti etthāti, samāvāso, bhājanaṃ kucchi eva samāvāso, abhiññāsamathānaṃ ādhānabhāvato samathavipassanāsaṅkhāto dhammo kucchisamāvāso etassāti dhammakucchisamāvāso. Vivekoti upadhiviveko. Tassāti buddhanāgassa. Vāladhi, pariyosānaṅgabhāvato.

Jhāyīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyanasīlo. Assāsaratoti paramassāsabhūte nibbāne rato. Ajjhattaṃ susamāhitoti visayajjhatte phalasamāpattiyaṃ suṭṭhu samāhito tadidaṃ samādhānaṃ suṭṭhu sabbakālikanti dassetuṃ ‘‘gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi savāsanassa uddhaccassa pahīnattā vikkhepābhāvato niccaṃ samāhitova. Tasmā yaṃ yaṃ iriyāpathaṃ kappeti, taṃ taṃ samāhitova kappesīti.

Sabbatthāti, sabbasmiṃ gocare, sabbasmiñca dvāre sabbaso pihitavutti. Tenāha – ‘‘sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatta’’ntiādi (netti. 15). Esā nāgassa sampadāti esā ‘‘na hi āguṃ karoti so’’tiādinā ‘‘sambuddha’’ntiādinā eva vā yathāvuttā vakkhamānā ca buddhagandhahatthino sampatti guṇaparipuṇṇā.

Bhuñjatianavajjānīti sammājīvassa ukkaṃsapāramippattiyā bhuñjati agarahitabbāni, micchājīvassa sabbaso savāsanānañca pahīnattā sāvajjāni garahitabbāni na bhuñjati anavajjāni bhuñjanto ca sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ bhuñjatīti yojanā.

Saṃyojananti vaṭṭadukkhena saddhiṃ santānaṃ saṃyojanato vaṭṭe osīdāpanasamatthaṃ dasavidhampi saṃyojanaṃ. Aṇuṃ thūlanti khuddakañceva mahantañca. Sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhananti maggañāṇena anavasesaṃ kilesabandhanaṃ chinditvā. Yena yenāti yena yena disābhāgena.

Yathā hi udake jātaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ udake pavaḍḍhati nopalippati toyena, anupalepasabhāvattā, tatheva loke jāto buddho loke viharati, nopalippati lokena taṇhādiṭṭhimānalepābhāvatoti yojanā.

Ginīti aggi. Anāhāroti anindhano.

Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanīti satthu guṇasaṅkhātassa upameyyatthassa viññāpanī, pakāsanī ayaṃ nāgūpamā. Viññūhīti satthu paṭividdhacatusaccadhammaṃ parijānantehi attānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Viññissantītiādi kāraṇavacanaṃ, yasmā nāgena mayā desitaṃ nāgaṃ tathāgatagandhahatthiṃ mahānāgā khīṇāsavā attano visaye ṭhatvā vijānissanti, tasmā aññesaṃ puthujjanānaṃ ñāpanatthaṃ ayaṃ upamā amhehi bhāsitāti adhippāyo.

Sarīraṃvijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavoti bodhimūle saupādisesaparinibbānena anāsavo sammāsambuddhanāgo, idāni sarīraṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahanto khandhaparinibbānena parinibbāyissatīti.

Evaṃ cuddasahi upamāhi maṇḍetvā, soḷasahi gāthāhi, catusaṭṭhiyā pādehi satthu guṇe vaṇṇento anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.

Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Soḷasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.