Pāli Primer – Lesson 22

Lesson 22

1. The Future Passive Participle

The future passive participle or the potential participle as it is sometimes called, is formed by adding -tabba / -anīya to the base of the verb; -tabba is mostly added with the connecting vowel -i-.

These participles are declined like a ending nouns in the masculine and neuter genders, and like ā ending nouns in the feminine. They express ideas such as ‘must,’ ‘should be’ and ‘fit to be.’

2. Examples in sentence formation

Ammā pacitabbaṃ / pacanīyaṃ taṇḍulaṃ (raw rice) piṭake ṭhapesi.
The mother kept the (raw) rice which is to be cooked in the basket.

Dārikāya bhuñjitabbaṃ / bhojanīyaṃ odanaṃ ahaṃ na bhuñjissāmi.
I will not eat the rice which should be eaten by the girl.

Kassakena kātabbaṃ / karaṇīyaṃ kammaṃ kātuṃ tvaṃ icchasi.
You wish to do the work that should be done by the farmer.

Exercise 22

3. Translate into English:

1. Upāsakehi samaṇā vanditabbā honti.
2. Mañjūsāyaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ mā mañcasmiṃ ṭhapehi.
3. Sappurisā pūjanīye pūjenti, asappurisā tathā (likewise) na karonti.
4. Bhūpālena rakkhitabbaṃ dīpaṃ amaccā na sammā (well) pālenti.
5. Manussehi dhammo uggaṇhitabbo, saccaṃ adhigantabbaṃ hoti.
6. Kumārīhi āhaṭāni pupphāni udakena āsiñcitabbāni honti.
7. Corena gahitaṃ bhaginiyā dhanaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ hoti.
8. Uyyāne ropitā rukkhā na chinditabbā honti.
9. Dhotabbāni dussāni gahetvā yuvatiyo hasamānā pokkharaṇiṃ otariṃsu.
10. Samaṇehi ovaditabbā kumārā vihāram na gamiṃsu.
11. Kassakena kasitabbaṃ khettaṃ vikkiṇituṃ vāṇijo ussahi.
12. Āpaṇesu ṭhapitāni vikkiṇitabbāni bhaṇḍāni kiṇituṃ te na icchiṃsu.
13. Ammā khādanīyāni ca bhojanīyāni ca paṭiyādetvā dārakānaṃ deti.
14. Manussehi dānāni dātabbāni, sīlāni rakkhitabbāni, puññāni kātabbāni.
15. Goṇānaṃ dātabbāni tiṇāni kassako khettamhā āhari.
16. Migā pānīyaṃ udakaṃ pariyesantā aṭaviyaṃ āhiṇḍiṃsu.
17. Darikāya dātuṃ phalāni āpaṇāya vā (or) khettamhā vā āharitabbāni honti.
18. Kathetabbaṃ vā akathetabbaṃ* vā ajānanto asappuriso mā sabhāyaṃ nisīdatu.
19. Tumhe bhūpālā amaccehi ca paṇḍitehi ca samaṇehi ca anusāsitabbā hotha.
20. Upāsakena puṭṭho pañho paṇḍitena vyākātabbo hoti.
21. Bhūpālassa uyyāne vasantā migā ca sakunā ca luddakehi na hantabbā honti.
22. Kusalaṃ ajānitvā pāpaṃ karontā kumārā na akkositabbā, te samaṇehi ca paṇḍitehi ca sappurisehi ca anusāsitabbā.
23. Asappurisā parivajjetabbā, mā tumhe tehi saddhiṃ (with them) gāme āhiṇḍatha.
24. Surā na pātabbā, sace piveyyātha tumhe gilānā bhavissatha.
25. Dhammena jīvantā manussā devehi rakkhitabbā honti.

4. Translate into Pāli:

1. At night people should light lamps.
2. The merchant brought horses to be sold to the farmers.
3. Objects should be seen with eyes, tastes (rasāni) should be enjoyed with the tongue.
4. The dog should not be hit with sticks and stones.
5. People in the island should be protected by the king and his ministers.
6. Flowers should not be picked by men walking in the park.
7. The corn should be measured by the farmer with his wife.
8. Men should not do evil.
9. Grass and water should be given to oxen and goats.
10. The assembly should be addressed by the teacher’s sister.
11. The lions sleeping in the caves should not be approached by men.
12. The mother’s clothes should be washed by the girl.

-ooOoo-