Pāli Primer – List Of Verbs
List of Verbs
Prefixes and roots of verbs are given in Sanskrit within brackets
akkosati (a + kṛś) : scolds
atthi (as) : is
adhigacchati (adhi + gam) : understands
anukampati (anu + kamp) : feels compassionate
anugacchati (anu + gam) : follows
anubandhati (anu + badh) : follows, chases after
anusāsati (anu + śās) : admonishes
ākaṅkhati (ā + kāṅkṣ) : expects
ākaḍḍhati (ā + kṛṣ?) : pulls, drags
āgacchati (ā + gam) : comes
ādadāti (ā + dā) : takes
āneti (ā + nī) : brings, leads
āmanteti (ā + denom. mantra) : addresses
āmasati (ā + mṛś) : touches, strokes
ārabhati (ā + rabh) : starts, commences
āruhati (ā + ruh) : climbs, ascends
āroceti (ā + ruc) : informs
āvahati (ā + vah) : brings forth
āsiñcati (ā + sic) : sprinkles
āharati (ā + hṛ) : brings
āhiṇḍati (ā + hiṇḍ) : roams, wanders
icchati (iṣ / āp) : wishes
uggaṇhāti (ud + gṛh) : learns
uṭṭhahati (ud + sthā) : stands up
uḍḍeti (ud + ḍī) : flies
uttarati (ud + tṛ) : crosses
udeti ( ud + i) : rises
upasaṅkamati (upa + saṃ + kram) : approaches
uppajjati (ud + pad) : is born
uppatati (ud + pad) : flies, jumps up
ussahati (ud + sah) : tries
ussāpeti (ud + śri) : hoist
ocināti (ava + ci) : collects, picks
otarati (ava + tṛ) : gets down, descends (into water)
obhāseti (ava + bhāṣ) : illuminates
oruhati (ava + ruh) : climbs down
oloketi (ava + lok) : looks at
ovadati (ava + vad) : advises
katheti (kath) : speaks
karoti (kṛ) : does, commits
kasati (kṛṣ) : ploughs
kiṇāti (krī) : buys
kīḷati (krīḍ) : plays
khaṇati (khaṇ) : digs
khādati (khād) : eats
khipati (kṣip) : throws
kujjhati (krudh) : gets angry
gacchati (gam) : goes
gaṇhāti (gṛh) : takes
gāyati (gai) : sings
carati (car) : wanders, conducts oneself
cavati (cyu) : departs, dies
cinteti (cit) : thinks
cumbati (cumb) : kisses
coreti (cur) : steals
chaḍḍeti (chaḍḍ) : throws away
chādeti (chad) : conceals
chindati (chid) : cuts
jānāti (jñā) : knows
jāleti (jval) : lights, kindles
jināti (ji) : wins
jīvati (jīv?) : lives
ṭhapeti (sthā) : places, keeps
ḍasati (ḍas) : bites, stings
tarati (tṛ) : crosses
tiṭṭhati (sthā) : stays, stands
thaketi (sthag) : closes, shuts
dadāti / deti (dā) : gives
dassati (dṛś) : to see
duhati (duh) : milks
dūseti (dūṣ) : spoils, pollutes
deseti (diś) : points out, instructs, preaches
dhāvati (dhāv) : runs
dhovati (dhov) : washes
naccati (nṛt) : dances
namassati (denom, namas) : worships, salutes
nahāyati (snā) : bathes
nāseti (naś) : destroys
nikkhamati (nis + kram) : leaves, renounces
nikkhipati (ni + kṣip) : throws away, puts down
nimanteti (ni + denom. mantra) : invites
nilīyati (ni+ lī) : hides
nivāreti (ni + vṛ) : prevents
nisidati (ni + sad) : sits
nīhareti (ni + hṛ) : takes out
neti (nī) : leads
pakkosati (pra + kṛṣ) : calls, summons
pakkhipati (pra + kṣip) : puts, places, deposits
pacati (pac) : cooks
pajahati (hā) : rejects, abandons
paṭicchādeti (prati + chad) : conceals, hides
paṭiyādeti (prati + yat) : prepares
patati (pat) : falls
pattharati (pra + stṛ) : spread
pattheti (pra + arth) : wishes, aspires
pappoti (see pāpuṇāti ) : attains
pabbajati (pra + vraj) : goes forth, renounces the world, gets ordained
parājeti (parā + ji) : defeats
pariyesati (pari + iṣ) : explores, searches
parivajjeti (pari + vṛj) : avoids
parivāreti (pari + vṛ) : accompanies
palobheti (pra + lubh) : tempts
pavatteti (pra + vṛt) : sets in motion
pavisati (pra + viś) : enters
pasīdati (pra + sad) : is pleased
passati (spaś) : sees
paharati (pra + hṛ) : hits, strikes
pahiṇāti (pra + hi) : dispatches
pājeti (pra + aj) : drives
pāteti (pat) : fells
pāpuṇāti (pra + āp) : attains
pāleti (pāl) : rules, governs
piyāyati (denom. piya) : is dear
pivati (pā) : drinks
pīḷeti (pīḍ) : oppresses
pucchati (pṛcch) : questions
pūjeti (pūj) : honours, worships
pūreti (pṛ) : fills
peseti (pra + iṣ) : sends
poseti (puṣ) : nourishes, looks after
phusati (sprś) : touches
bandhati (badh) : binds, ties
bhajati (bhaj) : keeps company
bhañjati (bhañj) : breaks
bhavati (bhū) : becomes
bhāyati (bhī) : fears
bhāsati (bhāṣ) : speaks
bhindati (bhid) : breaks
bhuñjati (bhuj) : eats, enjoys, partakes of
manteti (denom. mantra) : discusses, takes counsel
māpeti (mā) : creates, builds
māreti (mṛ) : kills
mināti (mā) : measures
muñcati (muc) : releases, frees
modati (mud) : takes delight
yācati (yac) : begs
rakkhati (rakṣ) : protects, observes /
rodati (rud) : cries, weeps
ropeti (rup) : plants
labhati (labh) : gets, receives
likhati (likh) : writes
vaḍḍheti (vṛdh) : developes, increases
vandati (vand) : worships
vapati (vap) : sows
vasati (vas) : dwells
vāceti (vac) : teaches
vāyamati (vi + ā + yam) : exerts, tries
vikkiṇāti (vi + krī) : sells
vijjhati (vyadh) : shoots
vindati (vid) : feels, experiences
vippakirati (vi + pra + kṛ\) : scatters
vibhajati (vi + bhaj) : distributes
vivarati (vi + vṛ) : opens
vissajjeti (vi + sṛj) : spends
viharati (vi + hṛ) : dwells
vihiṃsati (vi + hiṃs) : hurts, harms
viheṭheti (vi + hīḍ) : harasses
veṭheti (veṣṭ) : wraps
vyākaroti (vi + ā + kṛ) : explains
saṃharati (saṃ + hṛ) : collects
sakkoti (śak) : is able, can
sannipatati (saṃ + ni + pat) : assembles, gathers to- gether
samassāseti (saṃ + ā + śvas) : consoles, comforts
samijjhati (saṃ + ṛdh) : fulfils, succeeds
sammajjati (saṃ + mṛj) : sweeps
sammisseti (saṃ + denom. miśra) : mixes
sayati (śī) : sleeps
sallapati (saṃ + lap) : converses
sādiyati (svad) : enjoys
sibbati (sīv) : sews
suṇāti (śru) : listens, hears
hanati (han) : kills
harati (hṛ) : carries, takes away
hasati (has) : laughs
hoti (bhū) : is, becomes
Pāli Vocabulary
(other than Verbs)
Abbreviations:
m = masculine;
f = feminine;
n = neuter;
adj = adjective;
ind = indeclinable particle;
adv = adverb
pron = pronoun
akusala, adj : demerit
akkhi, n : eye
aggi, m : fire
aṅguli, f : finger
acci, n : flame
aja, m : goat
ajja, ind : today
aṭavi, f : forest
aṭṭhi, n : bone
atithi, m : guest
atthaññū, m : benevolent person
addhā, ind : indeed, certainly
adhipati, m : chief
anicca, adj : impermanent
antarā, ind : between
amacca, m : minister
ambu, n : water
ammā, f : mother
arañña, n : forest
ari, m : enemy
asani, f : thunder
asappurisa, m : wicked man
asi, m : sword
assa, m : horse
assu, n : tear
ahaṃ, pron : I
ahi, m : serpent
ākāsa, m : sky
ākhu, m : mouse
ācariya, m : teacher
āpaṇa, n : shop
āloka, m : light
āvāṭa, m : pit
āsana, n : seat
itthi, f : woman
iddhi, f : psychic power
isi, m : sage
ucchu, m : sugar cane
udaka, n : water
udadhi, m : ocean, sea
upamā, f : simile
upalitta, mfn : smeared
upāsaka, m : lay devotee
uyyāna, n : park
uraga, m : reptile
odana, m : rice
ojavantu, adj : luscious
ovaraka, m : bed room
ovāda, n : advice
kakaca, m : saw
kaññā, f : girl
kaṭacchu, m : spoon
kaṇeru, f : cow / elephant
kattu, m : doer
kattha, adv : where
kathā, f : speech
kathaṃ, adv : how
kadalī, f : banana, plantain
kadā, adv : when
kadāci karahaci, adv : sometimes
kapi, m : monkey
kamma, n : action, deed
karī, m : elephant
kavi, m : poet
kasmā, adv : why
kāka, m : crow
kāya, m : body
kāruṇika, adj : compassionate
kāsu, f : pit
kilañjā, f : mat
kukkura, m : dog
kucchi, mf : belly
kuṭṭhī, m : leper
kuto, adv : whence
kutra, adv : where
kumāra, m : boy
kumārī, f : girl
kulavantu, adj : man of good family
kusala, adj : merit
kusuma, n : flower
kuhiṃ, adv : where
ketu, m : flag
khagga, m : sword
khaṇḍa, n : piece
khādanīya, n : food
khippaṃ, adv : soon
khīra, n : milk
khudā, f : hunger
khetta, n : field
Gangā, f : Ganges river
gantu, m : one who goes
garu, m : teacher
gahapati, m : householder
gāma, m : village
gāvī, f : cow
giri, m : mountain
gilāna, m : sick man
gīta, n : song
gīvā, f : neck
guṇavantu, adj : virtuous
guhā, f : cave
geha, n : house, home
goṇa, m : ox
ghaṭa, n : pot
ghara, n : house
ca, ind : and
cakkhu, n : eye
caṇḍāla, m : outcast
canda, m : moon
citta, n : mind
cīvara, n : robe
cora, m : thief
chāyā, f : shade, shadow
jāṇu / jaṇṇu, n : knee
jala, n : water
jāta, mfn : born
jivhā, f : tongue
jetu, m : victor
taṇḍula, n : raw rice
tato, adv : therefore
tattha, adv : there
tatra, adv : there
tathā, adv : thus
Tathāgata, m : the Buddha
tadā, adv : then
taru, m : tree
taruṇi, f : young woman
tasmā, adv : therefore
tāpasa, m : hermit
tāva, adv : so far, until
tiṇa, n : grass
tīra, n : bank
tuṇḍa, n : beak
tela, n : oil
tvaṃ, pron : you
dakkha, adj : clever
daddu, fn : eczema
dadhi, n : curd
dāṭhī, m : tusker
dātu, m : giver
dāna, n : alms
dāraka, m : child
dāru, n : firewood
dāsa, m : servant
dīghajīvī, m : one with long life
dīpa, m : island / lamp
dīpī, m : leopard
dukkhaṃ, adv : suffering
dubbala, adj : weak
dussa, n : cloth
duhitu, f : daughter
dūta, m : messenger
deva, m : deity
devatā, f : deity
devi, f : queen
doṇi, f : boat
dvāra, n : door
dhañña, n : corn
dhana, n : wealth
dhanu, n : bow
dhamma, m : doctrine
dhātu, f : relics, elements
dhītu, f : daughter
dhīvara, m : fisherman
dhenu, f : cow
na, ind : not
nagara, n : city, town
nadī, f : river
nayana, n : eye
nara, m : man
naraka, n : purgatory
nava, adj : new
nānā, ind : various
nārī, f : woman
nāḷi, f : a unit of measure
nāvā, f : ship
nāvika, m : sailor
nidhi, m : treasure
nivāsa, m : house
netu, m : leader
pakkhī, m : bird
pañjara, mn : cage
paññā, f : wisdom
pañha, m : question
paṇḍita, m : sage, wise man
paṇṇa, n : leaf
pati, m : husband
patta, m : bowl
patthanā, f : hope, expectation
paduma, n : lotus
pabbata, m : mountain
pabhāte, n : early morning
pabhū, m : eminent person
pasu, m : animal
parisā, f : retinue
pavattu, m : reciter
pahūta, adj : much
pāṇi, m : palm, hand
pāṇī, m : living being
pāda, m : foot
pānīya, n : drinking water
pāpa, n : evil
pāsāṇa, m : stone
pāsāda, m : mansion
pi, ind : too, also
piṭaka, m : basket
pitu, m : father
pipāsā, f : thirst
pipāsita, mfn : thirsty
puñña, n : merit
putta, m : son
puttadāra, m : children and wife
puna, ind : again
puppha, n : flower
pupphāsana, n : flower altar
pubbaka, mfn : ancient
purisa, m : man
pokkharaṇī, f : pond
potthaka, n : book
pharasu, m : axe
phala, n : fruit
bandhu, m : relative
balavantu, mfn : powerful
balī, m : powerful one
bahu, adj : many
bīja, n : seed
Buddha, m : the Buddha
buddhi, f : intelligence
brāhmaṇa, m : brahmin
brāhmaṇī, f : brahmin woman
bhaginī, f : sister
Bhagavā, m : the Buddha
bhaṇḍa, n : goods
bhatta, mn : rice
bhattu, m : husband
bhariyā, f : wife
bhātu, m : brother
bhānumā, m : sun
bhikkhu, m : monk
bhūpati, m : king
bhūpāla, m : king
bhūmi, f : ground
bhojana, n : food, meal
bhojanīya, n : soft food
makkaṭa, m : monkey
magga, m : road
maccha, m : fish
mañca, m : bed
mañjūsā, f : box
maṇi, m : gem
mattaññū, m : moderate, abstemious one
madhu, n : honey
madhukara, m : bee
manussa, m : man
manta, n : magic spell
mantī, m : minister
mā, ind : do not
mātu, f : mother
mātula, m : uncle
māra, m : the evil one
mālā, f : garland
miga, m : deer
mitta, mn : friend
mukha, n : face, mouth
muṭṭhi, m : fist
muni, m : sage
mūla, n : money
modaka, n : sweetmeat
yaṭṭhi, f : walking stick
yato, adv : since
yattha, adv : where
yatra, adv : where
yathā, adv : in which manner
yadā, adv : when
yadi, ind : if
yasavantu, mfn : famous
yasmā, adv : because
yāgu, f : gruel
yācaka, m : beggar
yāva, adv : how far
yuvati, f : young woman
rajaka, m : washerman
rajju, f : rope
ratti, f : night
ratha, m : vehicle, chariot
ravi, m : sun
rasa, n : taste
rasmi, f : ray
rājinī, f : queen
rāsi, m : heap
rukkha, m : tree
rukkhamūla, n : foot of tree
rūpa, n : form, object
latā, f : creeper
lābha, m : gain, profit
luddaka, m : hunter
loka, m : world
locana, n : eye
vaḍḍhakī, m : carpenter
vaṇṇavantu, mfn : colourful
vattu, m : speaker
vattha, n : cloth
vatthu, n : estate
vadaññū, m : generous one
vadhū, f : wife/daughter
vana, n : forest
vammika, mn : anthill
varāha, m : pig
vasu, n : wealth
vā, ind : or
vāṇija, m : merchant
vāta, m : wind
vānara, m : monkey
vāpī, f : tank
vāri, n : river
vālukā, f : sand
vijju, f : lightning
viññātu, m : knowledgeable man
viññū, m : wise man
vidū, m : wise man
vinetu, m : disciplinarian
viya, ind : like, similar
vihāra, m : monastery
vīsati : twenty
vīhi, m : paddy
vega, adj : speed
vetana, n : wage, pay
veḷu, m : bamboo
vyādhi, m : sickness
sakaṭa, m : cart
sakala, adj : entire
sakuṇa, m : bird
sakhī, f : female friend
sagga, n : heaven
sace, ind : if
sacca, n : truth
sattu, m : enemy
satthi, n : thigh
satthu, m : teacher
sadda, m : sound
saddhā, f : faith
saddhiṃ, ind : with
sappa, m : serpent
sappi, n : ghee
sappurisa, m : good man
sabba, mfn : all
sabaññū, m : all knowing one
sabhā, f : assembly
samaṇa, m : monk
samudda, m : sea, ocean
sammajjanī, f : broom
sammā, ind : well, right
sara, m : arrow
sassu, f : mother
saha, ind : with
sahāya (ka), m : friend
sākhā, f : branch
sāṭaka, m : garment
sāmī, m : husband
sārathī, m : charioteer
sālā, f : hall
sāvaka, m : disciple
sikhī, m : peacook
sigāla, m : jackal
sindhu, m : sea, ocean
sippa, n : arts and science
sissa, m : pupil
sīghaṃ, adv : fast
sīla, n : virtue
sīsa, n : head
sīha, m : lion
suka, m : parrot
sukhaṃ, adv : happily
sukhī, m : happy person
sugata, m : the Buddha
sunakha, m : dog
sura, m : deity
surā, f : liquor
suriya, m : sun
suva, m : parrot
suvaṇṇa, n : gold
susu, m : young one
sūkara, m : pig
seṭṭhi, m : banker
setu, n : bridge
soṇa, m : dog
sota, n : ear
sotu, m : listener
sopāna, m : stairway
hattha, m : hand
hatthī, m : elephant
himavantu, mfn : Himalaya
hirañña, n : gold
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