10. Subhasuttavaṇṇanā

10. Subhasuttavaṇṇanā

Subhamāṇavakavatthuvaṇṇanā

444.Evaṃme sutaṃ…pe… sāvatthiyanti subhasuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā. Aciraparinibbute bhagavatīti aciraṃ parinibbute bhagavati, parinibbānato uddhaṃ māsamatte kāle. Nidānavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ ādāya āgantvā khīravirecanaṃ pivitvā vihāre nisinnadivasaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Todeyyaputtoti todeyyabrāhmaṇassa putto, so kira sāvatthiyā avidūre tudigāmo nāma atthi, tassa adhipatittā todeyyoti saṅkhyaṃ gato. Mahaddhano pana hoti pañcacattālīsakoṭivibhavo, paramamaccharī – ‘‘dadato bhogānaṃ aparikkhayo nāma natthī’’ti cintetvā kassaci kiñci na deti, puttampi āha –

‘‘Añjanānaṃ khayaṃ disvā, vammikānañca sañcayaṃ;

Madhūnañca samāhāraṃ, paṇḍito gharamāvase’’ti.

Evaṃ adānameva sikkhāpetvā kāyassa bhedā tasmiṃyeva ghare sunakho hutvā nibbatto. Subho taṃ sunakhaṃ ativiya piyāyati. Attano bhuñjanakabhattaṃyeva bhojeti, ukkhipitvā varasayane sayāpeti. Atha bhagavā ekadivasaṃ nikkhante māṇave taṃ gharaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sunakho bhagavantaṃ disvā bhukkāraṃ karonto bhagavato samīpaṃ gato. Tato naṃ bhagavā avoca ‘‘todeyya tvaṃ pubbepi maṃ ‘bho, bho’ti paribhavitvā sunakho jāto, idānipi bhukkāraṃ katvā avīciṃ gamissasī’’ti. Sunakho taṃ kathaṃ sutvā vippaṭisārī hutvā uddhanantare chārikāya nipanno, manussā naṃ ukkhipitvā sayane sayāpetuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu .

Subho āgantvā ‘‘kenāyaṃ sunakho sayanā oropito’’ti āha. Manussā ‘‘na kenacī’’ti vatvā taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesuṃ. Māṇavo sutvā ‘‘mama pitā brahmaloke nibbatto, samaṇo pana gotamo me pitaraṃ sunakhaṃ karoti yaṃ kiñci esa mukhārūḷhaṃ bhāsatī’’ti kujjhitvā bhagavantaṃ musāvādena codetukāmo vihāraṃ gantvā taṃ pavattiṃ pucchi. Bhagavā tassa tatheva vatvā avisaṃvādanatthaṃ āha – ‘‘atthi pana te, māṇava, pitarā na akkhātaṃ dhana’’nti. Atthi, bho gotama, satasahassagghanikā suvaṇṇamālā, satasahassagghanikā suvaṇṇapādukā, satasahassagghanikā suvaṇṇapāti, satasahassañca kahāpaṇanti. Gaccha taṃ sunakhaṃ appodakaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ bhojetvā sayanaṃ āropetvā īsakaṃ niddaṃ okkantakāle puccha, sabbaṃ te ācikkhissati, atha naṃ jāneyyāsi – ‘‘pitā me eso’’ti. So tathā akāsi. Sunakho sabbaṃ ācikkhi, tadā naṃ – ‘‘pitā me’’ti ñatvā bhagavati pasannacitto gantvā bhagavantaṃcuddasa pañhe pucchitvā vissajjanapariyosāne bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘subho māṇavo todeyyaputto’’ti. Sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasatīti attano bhogagāmato āgantvā vasati.

445-446.Aññataraṃ māṇavakaṃ āmantesīti satthari parinibbute ‘‘ānandatthero kirassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā āgato, mahājano taṃ dassanatthāya upasaṅkamatī’’ti sutvā ‘‘vihāraṃ kho pana gantvā mahājanamajjhe na sakkā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ vā kātuṃ, dhammakathaṃ vā sotuṃ gehaṃ āgataṃyeva naṃ disvā sukhena paṭisanthāraṃ karissāmi, ekā ca me kaṅkhā atthi, tampi naṃ pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā aññataraṃ māṇavakaṃ āmantesi. Appābādhantiādīsu ābādhoti visabhāgavedanā vuccati, yā ekadese uppajjitvā cattāro iriyāpathe ayapaṭṭena ābandhitvā viya gaṇhati, tassā abhāvaṃ pucchāti vadati. Appātaṅkoti kicchajīvitakaro rogo vuccati, tassāpi abhāvaṃ pucchāti vadati. Gilānasseva ca uṭṭhānaṃ nāma garukaṃ hoti, kāye balaṃ na hoti, tasmā niggelaññabhāvañca balañca pucchāti vadati. Phāsuvihāranti gamanaṭhānanisajjasayanesu catūsu iriyāpathesu sukhavihāraṃ pucchāti vadati. Athassa pucchitabbākāraṃ dassento ‘‘subho’’tiādimāha.

447.Kālañca samayañca upādāyāti kālañca samayañca paññāya gahetvā upadhāretvāti attho. Sace amhākaṃ sve gamanakālo bhavissati, kāye balamattā ceva pharissati, gamanapaccayā ca añño aphāsuvihāro na bhavissati, athetaṃ kālañca gamanakāraṇasamavāyasaṅkhātaṃ samayañca upadhāretvā – ‘‘api eva nāma sve āgaccheyyāmā’’ti vuttaṃ hoti.

448.Cetakenabhikkhunāti cetiraṭṭhe jātattā cetakoti evaṃ laddhanāmena. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyanti bho, ānanda, dasabalassa ko nāma ābādho ahosi, kiṃ bhagavā paribhuñji. Api ca satthu parinibbānena tumhākaṃ soko udapādi, satthā nāma na kevalaṃ tumhākaṃyeva parinibbuto, sadevakassa lokassa mahājāni, ko dāni añño maraṇā muccissati, yatra so sadevakassa lokassa aggapuggalo parinibbuto, idāni kaṃ aññaṃ disvā maccurājā lajjissatīti evamādinā nayena maraṇapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā therassa hiyyo pītabhesajjānurūpaṃ āhāraṃ datvā bhattakiccāvasāne ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Upaṭṭhāko santikāvacaroti upaṭṭhāko hutvā santikāvacaro, na randhagavesī. Na vīmaṃsanādhippāyo. Samīpacārīti idaṃ purimapadasseva vevacanaṃ. Yesaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamoti kasmā pucchati? Tassa kira evaṃ ahosi ‘‘yesu dhammesu bhavaṃ gotamo imaṃ lokaṃ patiṭṭhapesi, te tassa accayena naṭṭhā nu kho, dharanti nu kho, sace dharanti, ānando jānissati, handa naṃ pucchāmī’’ti, tasmā pucchi.

449. Athassa thero tīṇi piṭakāni tīhi khandhehi saṅgahetvā dassento ‘‘tiṇṇaṃ kho’’tiādimāha. Māṇavo saṅkhittena kathitaṃ asallakkhento – ‘‘vitthārato pucchissāmī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘katamesaṃ tiṇṇa’’ntiādimāha.

Sīlakkhandhavaṇṇanā

450-453. Tato therena ‘‘ariyassa sīlakkhandhassā’’ti tesu dassitesu puna ‘‘katamo pana so, bho ānanda, ariyo sīlakkhandho’’ti ekekaṃ pucchi. Theropissa buddhuppādaṃ dassetvā tantidhammaṃ desento anukkamena bhagavatā vuttanayeneva sabbaṃ vissajjesi. Tattha atthicevettha uttarikaraṇīyanti ettha bhagavato sāsane na sīlameva sāro, kevalañhetaṃ patiṭṭhāmattameva hoti. Ito uttari pana aññampi kattabbaṃ atthi yevāti dassesi. Ito bahiddhāti buddhasāsanato bahiddhā.

Samādhikkhandhavaṇṇanā

454.Kathañca, māṇava, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hotīti idamāyasmā ānando ‘‘katamo pana so, bho ānanda, ariyo samādhikkhandho’’ti evaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ puṭṭhopi ye te ‘‘sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro satisampajaññena samannāgato santuṭṭho’’ti evaṃ sīlānantaraṃ indriyasaṃvarādayo sīlasamādhīnaṃ antare ubhinnampi upakārakadhammā uddiṭṭhā, te niddisitvā samādhikkhandhaṃ dassetukāmo ārabhi. Ettha ca rūpajjhānāneva āgatāni, na arūpajjhānāni, ānetvā pana dīpetabbāni. Catutthajjhānena hi asaṅgahitā arūpasamāpatti nāma natthiyeva.

471-480.Atthi cevettha uttarikaraṇīyanti ettha bhagavato sāsane na cittekaggatāmattakeneva pariyosānappatti nāma atthi, itopi uttari pana aññaṃ kattabbaṃ atthi yevāti dasseti. Natthi cevettha uttarikaraṇīyanti ettha bhagavato sāsane ito uttari kātabbaṃ nāma natthiyeva, arahattapariyosānañhi bhagavato sāsananti dasseti. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.

Iti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ

Subhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

* Bài viết trích trong Suttapiṭaka (aṭṭhakathā) >> Aṭṭhakathā, nguồn Tipitaka.org. Tải sách PDF tại đây.

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