13. Ekapuggalavaggavaṇṇanā

July 12, 2020March 5, 2021 Dhamma Paññā 208 Views Ekakanipāta-aṭṭhakathā trong Aṅguttaranikāya (aṭṭhakathā)

13. Ekapuggalavaggavaṇṇanā

170. Ekapuggalavaggassa paṭhame ekapuggaloti eko puggalo. Ettha ekoti dutiyādipaṭikkhepattho gaṇanaparicchedo. Puggaloti sammutikathā, na paramatthakathā. Buddhassa hi bhagavato duvidhā desanā – sammutidesanā, paramatthadesanā cāti. Tattha ‘‘puggalo satto itthī puriso khattiyo brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti evarūpā sammutidesanā, ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā khandhā dhātū āyatanāni satipaṭṭhānā’’ti evarūpā paramatthadesanā. Tattha bhagavā ye sammutivasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ pahāya visesaṃ adhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ sammutidesanaṃ deseti. Ye pana paramatthavasena desanaṃ sutvā atthaṃ paṭivijjhitvā mohaṃ pahāya visesamadhigantuṃ samatthā, tesaṃ paramatthadesanaṃ deseti.

Tatrāyaṃ upamā – yathā hi desabhāsākusalo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanako ācariyo ye damiḷabhāsāya vutte atthaṃ jānanti, tesaṃ damiḷabhāsāya ācikkhati. Ye andhabhāsādīsu aññatarāya bhāsāya , tesaṃ tāya tāya bhāsāya. Evaṃ te māṇavakā chekaṃ byattaṃ ācariyamāgamma khippameva sippaṃ uggaṇhanti. Tattha ācariyo viya buddho bhagavā, tayo vedā viya kathetabbabhāve ṭhitāni tīṇi piṭakāni, desabhāsākosallamiva sammutiparamatthakosallaṃ, nānādesabhāsā māṇavakā viya sammutiparamatthavasena paṭivijjhanasamatthā veneyyasattā, ācariyassa damiḷabhāsādiācikkhanaṃ viya bhagavato sammutiparamatthavasena desanā veditabbā. Āha cettha –

‘‘Duve saccāni akkhāsi, sambuddho vadataṃ varo;

Sammutiṃ paramatthañca, tatiyaṃ nupalabbhati.

‘‘Saṅketavacanaṃ saccaṃ, lokasammutikāraṇā;

Paramatthavacanaṃ saccaṃ, dhammānaṃ bhūtakāraṇā.

‘‘Tasmā vohārakusalassa, lokanāthassa satthuno;

Sammutiṃ voharantassa, musāvādo na jāyatī’’ti.

Apica aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā puggalakathaṃ katheti – hirottappadīpanatthaṃ, kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ, paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ, ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ, brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ, pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ, dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ, lokasammutiyā appahānatthañcāti. ‘‘Khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappantī’’ti hi vutte mahājano na jānāti, sammohamāpajjati, paṭisattu hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhadhātuāyatanāni hiriyanti ottappanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Itthī hiriyati ottappati, puriso khattiyo brāhmaṇo devo māro’’ti vutte pana jānāti, na sammohamāpajjati, na paṭisattu hoti. Tasmā bhagavā hirottappadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā kammassakā, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā kammassakatādīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Veḷuvanādayo mahāvihārā khandhehi kārāpitā, dhātūhi āyatanehī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā paccattapurisakāradīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā mātaraṃ jīvitā voropenti, pitaraṃ, arahantaṃ, ruhiruppādakammaṃ, saṅghabhedakammaṃ karonti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā ānantariyadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā mettāyanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā brahmavihāradīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā pubbenivāsamanussaranti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo. Tasmā bhagavā pubbenivāsadīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

‘‘Khandhā dānaṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, dhātuyo āyatanānī’’ti vuttepi mahājano na jānāti, sammohaṃ āpajjati, paṭisattu hoti ‘‘kimidaṃ khandhadhātuāyatanāni paṭiggaṇhanti nāmā’’ti? ‘‘Puggalā paṭiggaṇhanti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammo’’ti vutte pana jānāti, na sammohaṃ āpajjati, na paṭisattu hoti. Tasmā bhagavā dakkhiṇāvisuddhidīpanatthaṃ puggalakathaṃ katheti.

Lokasammutiñca buddhā bhagavanto nappajahanti, lokasamaññāya lokaniruttiyā lokābhilāpe ṭhitāyeva dhammaṃ desenti. Tasmā bhagavā lokasammutiyā appahānatthampi puggalakathaṃ katheti.

Iti eko ca so puggalo cāti ekapuggalo. Kenaṭṭhena ekapuggalo? Asadisaṭṭhena guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhena asamasamaṭṭhenāti. So hi dasannaṃ pāramīnaṃ paṭipāṭiyā āvajjanaṃ ādiṃ katvā bodhisambhāraguṇehi ceva buddhaguṇehi ca sesamahājanena asadisoti asadisaṭṭhenapi ekapuggalo. Ye cassa te guṇā, te sesasattānaṃ guṇehi visiṭṭhāti guṇavisiṭṭhaṭṭhenapi ekapuggalo. Purimakā sammāsambuddhā sabbasattehi asamā, tehi saddhiṃ ayameva eko rūpakāyaguṇehi ceva nāmakāyaguṇehi ca samoti asamasamaṭṭhenapi ekapuggalo.

Loketi tayo lokā – sattaloko, okāsaloko, saṅkhāralokoti. Tesaṃ vitthārakathā visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.135-136) vuttā. Tesu idha sattaloko adhippeto. Sattaloke uppajjamānopi cesa na devaloke, na brahmaloke, manussalokeyeva uppajjati. Manussalokepi na aññasmiṃ cakkavāḷe, imasmiṃyeva cakkavāḷe uppajjati. Tatrāpi na sabbaṭṭhānesu.

‘‘Puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa parena mahāsālā, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Puratthimadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti (mahāva. 259) evaṃ paricchinne āyāmato tiyojanasate vitthārato aḍḍhateyyayojanasate parikkhepato navayojanasate majjhimadese uppajjati. Na kevalañca tathāgatova, paccekabuddhā aggasāvakā asīti mahātherā buddhamātā buddhapitā cakkavattī rājā aññe ca sārappattā brāhmaṇagahapatikā ettheva uppajjanti.

Uppajjamāno uppajjatīti idaṃ pana ubhayampi vippakatavacanameva. Uppajjamāno bahujanahitāya uppajjati, na aññena kāraṇenāti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo. Evarūpañcettha lakkhaṇaṃ na sakkā etaṃ aññena saddalakkhaṇena paṭibāhituṃ.

Apica uppajjamāno nāma, uppajjati nāma, uppanno nāmāti ayamettha bhedo veditabbo. Esa hi dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya laddhabyākaraṇo buddhakārake dhamme pariyesanto dasa pāramiyo disvā ‘‘ime dhammā mayā pūretabbā’’ti katasanniṭṭhāno dānapāramiṃ pūrentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Sīlapāramī…pe… upekkhāpāramīti imā dasa pāramiyo pūrentopi, dasa upapāramiyo pūrentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Dasa paramatthapāramiyo pūrentopi uppajjamānova nāma. Pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Attatthacariyaṃ ñātatthacariyaṃ lokatthacariyaṃ pūrayamānopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni buddhakārake dhamme matthakaṃ pāpentopi uppajjamāno nāma. Vessantarattabhāvaṃ pahāya tusitapure paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā saṭṭhivassasatasahassādhikā sattapaṇṇāsavassakoṭiyo tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Devatāhi yācito pañcamahāvilokitaṃ viloketvā mahāmāyādeviyā kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhantopi, anūnādhike dasa māse gabbhavāsaṃ vasantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Ekūnatiṃsa vassāni agāramajjhe tiṭṭhantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā rāhulabhaddassa jātadivase channasahāyo kaṇḍakaṃ vāhanavaraṃ āruyha nikkhamantopi uppajjamānova nāma. Tīṇi rajjāni atikkamantopi anomānadītīre pabbajantopi uppajjamāno nāma. Chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ karontopi uppajjamāno nāma. Paripakkagate ñāṇe oḷārikāhāraṃ āharantopi uppajjamānova nāma. Sāyanhasamaye visākhapuṇṇamāya mahābodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha mārabalaṃ vidhametvā paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ parisodhetvā pacchimayāmasamanantare dvādasaṅgaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomato sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi uppajjamānova nāma. Sotāpattiphalakkhaṇepi sakadāgāmimaggakkhaṇepi sakadāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi anāgāmimaggakkhaṇepi anāgāmiphalakkhaṇepi uppajjamānova nāma. Arahattamaggakkhaṇe pana uppajjati nāma. Arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppanno nāma. Buddhānaṃ hi sāvakānaṃ viya na paṭipāṭiyā iddhividhañāṇādīni uppajjanti, saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi sabbaññutaññāṇādi guṇarāsi āgatova nāma hoti. Tasmā te nipphattasabbakiccattā arahattaphalakkhaṇe uppannā nāma honti. Imasmimpi sutte arahattaphalakkhaṇaṃyeva sandhāya ‘‘uppajjatī’’ti veditabbo, uppanno hotīti ayañhettha attho.

Bahujanahitāyāti mahājanassa hitatthāya uppajjati. Bahujanasukhāyāti mahājanassa sukhatthāya uppajjati. Lokānukampāyāti sattalokassa anukampaṃ paṭicca uppajjati. Katarasattalokassāti? Yo tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā amatapānaṃ pivitvā dhammaṃ paṭivijjhi, tassa. Bhagavatā hi mahābodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā bodhimaṇḍā isipatanaṃ āgamma ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā’’ti dhammacakkappavattanasutte (mahāva. 13; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desite āyasmatā aññāsikoṇḍaññattherena saddhiṃ aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā brahmāno amatapānaṃ piviṃsu, etassa sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Pañcamadivase anattalakkhaṇasuttantapariyosāne (mahāva. 20; saṃ. ni. 3.59) pañcavaggiyā therā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu, etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Tato yasadārakappamukhe pañcapaṇṇāsa purise arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tato kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsa bhaddavaggiye tayo magge ca tīṇi phalāni ca sampāpesi, etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppanno. Gayāsīse ādittapariyāyasuttapariyosāne (mahāva. 54) jaṭilasahassaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi, tālaṭṭhivane bimbisārappamukhā ekādasa nahutā brāhmaṇagahapatikā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, ekaṃ nahutaṃ saraṇesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Tirokuṭṭaanumodanāvasāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ. Sumanamālākārasamāgame caturāsītiyā ca. Dhanapālakasamāgame dasahi pāṇasahassehi, khadiraṅgārajātakasamāgame caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassehi, jambukaājīvakasamāgame caturāsītiyā ca. Ānandaseṭṭhisamāgame caturāsītiyā ca pāṇasahassehi amatapānaṃ pītaṃ. Pāsāṇakacetiye pārāyanasuttantakathādivase cuddasa koṭiyo amatapānaṃ piviṃsu. Yamakapāṭihāriyadivase vīsati pāṇakoṭiyo, tāvatiṃsabhavane paṇḍukambalasilāya nisīditvā mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā sattappakaraṇaṃ abhidhammaṃ desentassa asīti pāṇakoṭiyo, devorohane tiṃsa pāṇakoṭiyo, sakkapañhasuttante asīti devatāsahassāni amatapānaṃ piviṃsu. Mahāsamayasuttante maṅgalasuttante cūḷarāhulovāde samacittapaṭipadāyāti imesu catūsu ṭhānesu abhisamayaṃ pattasattānaṃ paricchedo natthi. Etassapi sattalokassa anukampāya uppannoti. Yāvajjadivasā ito paraṃ anāgate ca sāsanaṃ nissāya saggamokkhamagge patiṭṭhahantānaṃ vasenāpi ayamattho veditabbo.

Devamanussānanti na kevalaṃ devamanussānaṃyeva, avasesānaṃ nāgasupaṇṇādīnampi atthāya hitāya sukhāyeva uppanno. Sahetukapaṭisandhike pana maggaphalasacchikiriyāya bhabbe puggale dassetuṃ etaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā etesampi atthāya hitāya sukhāyeva uppannoti veditabbo.

Katamo ekapuggaloti ayaṃ pucchā. Pucchā ca nāmesā pañcavidhā hoti – adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā, anumatipucchā, kathetukamyatāpucchāti.

Tāsaṃ idaṃ nānattaṃ – katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ abhāvitaṃ. Tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā.

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. So aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā.

Katamā vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhanto hoti vimatipakkhanto dveḷhakajāto ‘‘evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho’’ti. So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā.

Katamā anumatipucchā? Bhagavā hi bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu kho taṃ samanupassituṃ etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’ti, ayaṃ anumatipucchā.

Katamā kathetukamyatāpucchā? Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānā. Katame cattāro’’ti? Ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti.

Tattha buddhānaṃ purimā tisso pucchā natthi. Kasmā? Buddhānaṃ hi tīsu addhāsu kiñci saṅkhataṃ addhāvimuttaṃ vā asaṅkhataṃ adiṭṭhaṃ ajānitaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā tesaṃ adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā natthi. Yaṃ pana bhagavatā attano ñāṇena paṭividdhaṃ, tassa aññena samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā saddhiṃ saṃsandanakiccaṃ natthi. Tenassa diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā natthi. Yasmā panesa akathaṃkathī tiṇṇavicikiccho sabbadhammesu vihatasaṃsayo, tenassa vimaticchedanāpucchā natthi. Itarā pana dve pucchā bhagavato atthi, tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti veditabbā.

Idāni tāya pucchāya puṭṭhaṃ ekapuggalaṃ vibhāvento tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti āha. Tattha tathāgatoti aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato – tathā āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti.

Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato? Yathā sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatā, yathā vipassī bhagavā āgato, yathā sikhī bhagavā, yathā vessabhū bhagavā, yathā kakusandho bhagavā, yathā koṇāgamano bhagavā, yathā kassapo bhagavā āgatoti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yena abhinīhārena ete bhagavanto āgatā, teneva amhākampi bhagavā āgato. Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā…pe… yathā kassapo bhagavā dānapāramiṃ pūretvā, sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccādhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā, aṅgapariccāgaṃ nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāganti ime pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā, pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgato, tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato. Yathā ca vipassī bhagavā …pe… kassapo bhagavā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne cattāro sammappadhāne cattāro iddhipāde pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅge ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgato, tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgatoti tathāgato.

‘‘Yatheva lokamhi vipassiādayo,

Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā;

Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato,

Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā’’ti.

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yathā sampatijāto vipassī bhagavā gato…pe… kassapo bhagavā gato. Kathañca so gatoti? So hi sampatijātova samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gato. Yathāha – ‘‘sampatijāto, ānanda, bodhisatto samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gacchati setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne, sabbā ca disā anuviloketi, āsabhiñca vācaṃ bhāsati ‘aggohamasmi lokassa, jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, seṭṭhohamasmi lokassa, ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’’ti (ma. ni. 3.207). Tañcassa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena. Yañhi so sampatijātova samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahi, idamassa caturiddhipādapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ, uttarābhimukhabhāvo pana sabbalokuttarabhāvassa pubbanimittaṃ, sattapadavītihāro sattabojjhaṅgaratanapaṭilābhassa, ‘‘suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā’’ti (su. ni. 693) ettha vuttacāmarukkhepo pana sabbatitthiyanimmathanassa pubbanimittaṃ, setacchattadhāraṇaṃ arahattaphalavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ, sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ, āsabhivācābhāsanaṃ appaṭivattiyavaradhammacakkappavattanassa pubbanimittaṃ. Tathā ayaṃ bhagavāpi gato. Tañcassa gamanaṃ kathaṃ ahosi avitathaṃ tesaṃyeva visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Muhuttajātova gavampatī yathā,

Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ;

So vikkamī satta padāni gotamo,

Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū.

‘‘Gantvāna so satta padāni gotamo,

Disā vilokesi samā samantato;

Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi,

Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito’’ti.

Evaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā…pe… yathā kassapo bhagavā, ayampi bhagavā tatheva nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gato, abyāpādena byāpādaṃ, ālokasaññāya thinamiddhaṃ, avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, dhammavavatthānena vicikicchaṃ pahāya gato, ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā gato, pāmojjena aratiṃ vinodetvā, paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā, dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāraṃ vūpasametvā, tatiyajjhānena pītiṃ virājetvā, catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāya, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānānattasaññāyo samatikkamitvā, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ samatikkamitvā gato.

Aniccānupassanāya niccasaññaṃ pahāya, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññaṃ, anattānupassanāya attasaññaṃ, nibbidānupassanāya nandiṃ, virāgānupassanāya rāgaṃ, nirodhānupassanāya samudayaṃ, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānaṃ, khayānupassanāya ghanasaññaṃ, vayānupassanāya āyūhanaṃ, vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññaṃ, animittānupassanāya nimittasaññaṃ, appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiṃ, suññatānupassanāya abhinivesaṃ, adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesaṃ, yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesaṃ, ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesaṃ, paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhaṃ, vivaṭṭānupassanāya saṃyogābhinivesaṃ, sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese bhañjitvā, sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārike kilese pahāya, anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagate kilese samugghātetvā, arahattamaggena sabbakilese samucchinditvā gato. Evampi tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato? Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ, āpodhātuyā paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ, vāyodhātuyā vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ, ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇadhātuyā vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ, saññāya sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ, saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Vitakkassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ, vicārassa anumajjanalakkhaṇaṃ, pītiyā pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, sukhassa sātalakkhaṇaṃ, cittekaggatāya avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Saddhindriyassa adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ, vīriyindriyassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, satindriyassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, samādhindriyassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, paññindriyassa pajānanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Saddhābalassa assaddhiye akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ, vīriyabalassa kosajje, satibalassa muṭṭhassacce, samādhibalassa uddhacce, paññābalassa avijjāya akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ.

Satisambojjhaṅgassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pavicayalakkhaṇaṃ, vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, pītisambojjhaṅgassa pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ , samādhisambojjhaṅgassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇaṃ.

Sammādiṭṭhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsaṅkappassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāvācāya pariggahalakkhaṇaṃ, sammākammantassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāājīvassa vodānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāvāyāmassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsatiyā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammāsamādhissa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ.

Avijjāya aññāṇalakkhaṇaṃ, saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ, nāmassa namanalakkhaṇaṃ, rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ, saḷāyatanassa āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ, taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ, upādānassa gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, bhavassa āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ, jātiyā nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ, jarāya jīraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, maraṇassa cutilakkhaṇaṃ.

Dhātūnaṃ suññatālakkhaṇaṃ, āyatanānaṃ āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, sammappadhānānaṃ padahanalakkhaṇaṃ, iddhipādānaṃ ijjhanalakkhaṇaṃ, indriyānaṃ adhipatilakkhaṇaṃ, balānaṃ akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ, bojjhaṅgānaṃ niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ, maggassa hetulakkhaṇaṃ.

Saccānaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ, samathassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, vipassanāya anupassanālakkhaṇaṃ, samathavipassanānaṃ ekarasalakkhaṇaṃ, yuganaddhānaṃ anativattanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Sīlavisuddhiyā saṃvaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, cittavisuddhiyā avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ, diṭṭhivisuddhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ.

Khaye ñāṇassa samucchedalakkhaṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇassa passaddhilakkhaṇaṃ.

Chandassa mūlalakkhaṇaṃ, manasikārassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, phassassa samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ, samādhissa pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ, satiyā ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ, paññāya tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ , vimuttiyā sāralakkhaṇaṃ, amatogadhassa nibbānassa pariyosānalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto anuppattoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato? Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? ‘Idaṃ dukkha’nti, bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmā tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati. Abhisambodhattho hi ettha gatasaddo.

Apica jarāmaraṇassa jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe… saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho. Tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho, saṅkhārānaṃ viññāṇassa paccayaṭṭho…pe… jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho. Taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho. Tasmāpi tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato? Bhagavā yaṃ sadevake loke…pe… sadevamanussāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthaṃ āgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā ca tena taṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānakapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ? Yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi, tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24). Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato. Tattha tathadassīatthe tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo.

Kathaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato? Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ yamakasālānaṃ antare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyāpi majjhimabodhiyāpi pacchimabodhiyāpi yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ…pe… vedallaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ atthato ca byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ anūnaṃ anadhikaṃ sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ rāgamadanimmadanaṃ dosamohamadanimmadanaṃ, natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya ekanāḷikāya mitaṃ viya ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca tathameva hoti avitathaṃ. Tenāha – ‘‘yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti no aññathā. Tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188). Gadattho hi ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato.

Apica āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tatho aviparīto āgado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti evampetasmiṃ atthe padasiddhi veditabbā.

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi kāyassapi vācā, tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃ bhūtassa cassa yathā vācā, kāyopi tathā gato, pavattoti attho. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatāti tathāgato. Tenevāha – ‘‘yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23). Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato.

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato? Upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, atulo appameyyo anuttaro rājarājo devadevo sakkānamatisakko brahmānamatibrahmā. Tenāha – ‘‘sadevake loke, bhikkhave…pe… sadevamanussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthu daso vasavattī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi veditabbā – agado viya agado. Ko panesa? Desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca. Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko dibbāgadena sappe viya sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca agado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.

Apica tathāya gatotipi tathāgato, tathaṃ gatotipi tathāgato, gatoti avagato atīto patto paṭipannoti attho. Tattha sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato. Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato, lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti tathāgato, lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathāya gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Tena yaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Loko, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Tassapi evaṃ attho veditabbo. Idampi ca tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattameva. Sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya.

Arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti padadvaye pana ārakattā, arīnaṃ arānañca hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, pāpakaraṇe rahābhāvāti imehi tāva kāraṇehi arahanti veditabbo. Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā pana sammāsambuddhoti ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panetaṃ padadvayaṃ visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.123 ādayo) buddhānussativaṇṇanāyaṃ pakāsitanti.

171. Dutiye pātubhāvoti uppatti nipphatti. Dullabho lokasminti imasmiṃ sattaloke dullabho sudullabho paramadullabho. Kasmā dullabhoti? Ekavāraṃ dānapāramiṃ pūretvā buddhena bhavituṃ na sakkā, dve vāre dasa vāre vīsati vāre paññāsa vāre vārasataṃ vārasahassaṃ vārasatasahassaṃ vārakoṭisatasahassampi dānapāramiṃ pūretvā buddhena bhavituṃ na sakkā, tathā ekadivasaṃ dve divase dasa divase vīsati divase paññāsa divase divasasataṃ divasasahassaṃ divasasatasahassaṃ divasakoṭisatasahassaṃ . Ekamāsaṃ dve māse…pe… māsakoṭisatasahassaṃ. Ekasaṃvaccharaṃ dve saṃvacchare…pe… saṃvaccharakoṭisatasahassaṃ. Ekakappaṃ dve kappe…pe… kappakoṭisatasahassaṃ. Kappānaṃ ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ dve asaṅkhyeyyāni tīṇi asaṅkhyeyyāni dānapāramiṃ pūretvā buddhena bhavituṃ na sakkā. Sīlapāramīnekkhammapāramī…pe… upekkhāpāramīsupi eseva nayo. Pacchimakoṭiyā pana kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni dasa pāramiyo pūretvā buddhena bhavituṃ sakkāti iminā kāraṇena dullabho.

172. Tatiye acchariyamanussoti acchariyo manusso. Acchariyoti andhassa pabbatārohaṇaṃ viya niccaṃ na hotīti attho. Ayaṃ tāva saddanayo. Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathānayo – accharāyoggoti acchariyo, accharaṃ paharitvā passitabboti attho. Apica ‘‘tathāgatassa, bhikkhave, arahato sammāsambuddhassa pātubhāvā cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā pātubhavantī’’ti (a. ni. 4.127) evamādīhi anekehi acchariyabbhutadhammehi samannāgatattāpi acchariyamanusso. Āciṇṇamanussotipi acchariyamanusso.

Abhinīhārassa hi sampādake aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā ekabuddhassa sammukhe mahābodhimaṇḍe mānasaṃ bandhitvā nisajjanaṃ nāma na aññassa kassaci āciṇṇaṃ, sabbaññubodhisattasseva āciṇṇaṃ. Tathā buddhānaṃ santike byākaraṇaṃ labhitvā anivattakena hutvā vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya buddhakārakadhammānaṃ pūraṇampi na aññassa kassaci āciṇṇaṃ, sabbaññubodhisattasseva āciṇṇaṃ. Tathā pāramiyo gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā vessantarattabhāvasadise attabhāve ṭhatvā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitānaṃ hatthīnaṃ sattasatāni assānaṃ sattasatānīti evaṃ sattasatakamahādānaṃ datvā jālikumārasadisaṃ puttaṃ, kaṇhājināsadisaṃ dhītaraṃ, maddīdevisadisaṃ bhariyañca dānamukhe niyyātetvā yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā dutiye attabhāve tusitabhavane paṭisandhiggahaṇampi na aññassa kassaci āciṇṇaṃ, sabbaññubodhisattasseva āciṇṇaṃ. Tusitapure yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā devatānaṃ āyācanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā pañcamahāvilokanaṃ viloketvā satassa sampajānassa tusitapurā cavitvā mahābhogakule paṭisandhiggahaṇampi na aññassa kassaci āciṇṇaṃ, sabbaññubodhisattasseva āciṇṇaṃ. Tathā paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase dasasahassilokadhātukampanampi, satassa sampajānassa mātukucchiyaṃ nivāsopi, satassa sampajānassa mātukucchito nikkhamanadivase dasasahassilokadhātukampanampi, sampatijātassa sattapadavītihāragamanampi, dibbasetacchatta. dhāraṇampi, dibbavāḷabījanukkhepopi, sabbadisāsu sīhavilokanaṃ viloketvā attanā paṭisamaṃ kañci sattaṃ adisvā ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassā’’ti evaṃ sīhanādanadanampi, paripākagate ñāṇe mahāsampattiṃ pahāya mahābhinikkhamanampi, mahābodhimaṇḍe pallaṅkena nisinnassa māravijayaṃ ādiṃ katvā pubbenivāsānussatidibbacakkhuvisodhanāni katvā paccūsasamaye sabbaññutaññāṇaguṇarāsipaṭividdhakkhaṇe dasasahassilokadhātukampanampi, paṭhamadhammadesanāya anuttaraṃ tiparivaṭṭaṃ dhammacakkappavattanampīti evamādi sabbaṃ na aññassa kassaci āciṇṇaṃ, sabbaññubuddhasseva āciṇṇaṃ. Evaṃ āciṇṇamanussotipi acchariyamanusso.

173. Catutthe kālakiriyāti ekasmiṃ kāle pākaṭā kiriyāti kālakiriyā. Tathāgato hi pañcacattālīsa vassāni ṭhatvā tīṇi piṭakāni pañca nikāye navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni pakāsetvā mahājanaṃ nibbānaninnaṃ nibbānapoṇaṃ katvā yamakasālānamantare nipanno bhikkhusaṅghaṃ āmantetvā appamādena ovaditvā sato sampajāno anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi. Ayamassa kiriyā yāvajjatanā pākaṭāti ekasmiṃ kāle pākaṭā kiriyāti kālakiriyā. Anutappā hotīti anutāpakarā hoti. Tattha cakkavattirañño kālakiriyā ekacakkavāḷe devamanussānaṃ anutāpakarā hoti. Buddhānaṃ kālakiriyā dasasahassacakkavāḷesu devamanussānaṃ anutāpakarā hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘bahuno janassa anutappā hotī’’ti.

174. Pañcame adutiyoti dutiyassa buddhassa abhāvā adutiyo. Cattāro hi buddhā sutabuddho, catusaccabuddho, paccekabuddho, sabbaññubuddhoti. Tattha bahussuto bhikkhu sutabuddho nāma . Khīṇāsavo catusaccabuddho nāma . Kappasatasahassādhikāni dve asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā sāmaṃ paṭividdhapaccekabodhiñāṇo paccekabuddho nāma. Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri vā aṭṭha vā soḷasa vā asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā paṭividdhasabbaññutaññāṇo sabbaññubuddho nāma. Imesu catūsu buddhesu sabbaññubuddhova adutiyo nāma. Na hi tena saddhiṃ añño sabbaññubuddho nāma uppajjati.

Asahāyoti attabhāvena vā paṭividdhadhammehi vā sadiso sahāyo nāma assa natthīti asahāyo. ‘‘Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipadāna’’nti iminā pana pariyāyena sekhāsekhā buddhānaṃ sahāyā nāma honti. Appaṭimoti paṭimā vuccati attabhāvo, tassa attabhāvasadisā aññā paṭimā natthīti appaṭimo. Yāpi ca manussā suvaṇṇarajatādimayā paṭimā karonti, tāsu vālaggamattampi okāsaṃ tathāgatassa attabhāvasadisaṃ kātuṃ samattho nāma natthīti sabbathāpi appaṭimo.

Appaṭisamoti attabhāvenevassa paṭisamo nāma koci natthīti appaṭisamo. Appaṭibhāgoti ye tathāgatena ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’tiādinā nayena dhammā desitā, tesu ‘‘na cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, tayo vā pañca vā’’tiādinā nayena paṭibhāgaṃ kātuṃ samattho nāma natthīti appaṭibhāgo. Appaṭipuggaloti añño koci ‘‘ahaṃ buddho’’ti evaṃ paṭiññaṃ kātuṃ samattho puggalo natthīti appaṭipuggalo. Asamoti appaṭipuggalattāva sabbasattehi asamo. Asamasamoti asamā vuccanti atītānāgatā sabbaññubuddhā, tehi asamehi samoti asamasamo.

Dvipadānaṃ aggoti sammāsambuddho apadānaṃ dvipadānaṃ catuppadānaṃ bahuppadānaṃ rūpīnaṃ arūpīnaṃ saññīnaṃ asaññīnaṃ nevasaññīnāsaññīnaṃ sattānaṃ aggova. Kasmā idha dvipadānaṃ aggoti vutto? Seṭṭhataravasena. Imasmiñhi loke seṭṭho nāma uppajjamāno apadacatuppadabahuppadesu na uppajjati, dvipadesuyeva uppajjati. Kataradvipadvesūti? Manussesu ceva devesu ca. Manussesu uppajjamāno tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuṃ vase vattetuṃ samattho buddho hutvā uppajjati. Devesu uppajjamāno dasasahassilokadhātuṃ vasavattī mahābrahmā hutvā uppajjati. So tassa kappiyakārako vā ārāmiko vā sampajjati. Iti tatopi seṭṭhataravasenesa dvipadānaṃ aggoti vutto.

175-186. Chaṭṭhādīsu ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa pātubhāvo hotīti, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa pātubhāvena mahantassa cakkhussa pātubhāvo hoti. Tasmiṃ puggale pātubhūte taṃ pātubhūtameva hoti, na vinā tassa pātubhāvena pātubhavati. Pātubhāvoti uppatti nipphatti. Katamassa cakkhussāti? Paññācakkhussa. Kīvarūpassāti? Sāriputtattherassa vipassanāpaññāsadisassa mahāmoggallānattherassa samādhipaññāsadisassāti. Ālokādīsupi eseva nayo. Ubhinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ paññāālokasadisoyeva hi ettha āloko, paññāobhāsasadisoyeva obhāso adhippeto. ‘‘Mahato cakkhussa, mahato ālokassa, mahato obhāsassā’’ti imāni ca pana tīṇipi lokiyalokuttaramissakāni kathitānīti veditabbāni.

Channaṃ anuttariyānanti uttaritaravirahitānaṃ channaṃ uttamadhammānaṃ. Tattha dassanānuttariyaṃ, savanānuttariyaṃ, lābhānuttariyaṃ, sikkhānuttariyaṃ, pāricariyānuttariyaṃ, anussatānuttariyanti imāni cha anuttariyāni. Imesaṃ pātubhāvo hotīti attho. Āyasmā hi ānandatthero sāyaṃpātaṃ tathāgataṃ cakkhuviññāṇena daṭṭhuṃ labhati, idaṃ dassanānuttariyaṃ. Aññopi sotāpanno vā sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā ānandatthero viya tathāgataṃ dassanāya labhati, idampi dassanānuttariyaṃ . Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalaṃ dassanāya labhitvā taṃ dassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti. Idaṃ dassanameva nāma, mūladassanaṃ pana dassanānuttariyaṃ nāma.

Ānandattheroyeva ca abhikkhaṇaṃ dasabalassa vacanaṃ sotaviññāṇena sotuṃ labhati, idaṃ savanānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya tathāgatassa vacanaṃ savanāya labhanti, idampi savanānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sotuṃ labhitvā taṃ savanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti. Idaṃ savanameva nāma, mūlasavanaṃ pana savanānuttariyaṃ nāma.

Ānandattheroyeva ca dasabale saddhaṃ paṭilabhati, idaṃ lābhānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya dasabale saddhāpaṭilābhaṃ labhanti, idampi lābhānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabale saddhāpaṭilābhaṃ labhitvā taṃ lābhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti, ayaṃ lābhoyeva nāma, mūlalābho pana lābhānuttariyaṃ nāma.

Ānandattheroyeva ca dasabalassa sāsane tisso sikkhā sikkhati, idaṃ sikkhānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya dasabalassa sāsane tisso sikkhā sikkhanti, idampi sikkhānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalassa sāsane tisso sikkhā sikkhitvā tā sikkhā vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti. Ayaṃ sikkhāyeva nāma, mūlasikkhā pana sikkhānuttariyaṃ nāma.

Ānandattheroyeva ca abhiṇhaṃ dasabalaṃ paricarati, idaṃ pāricariyānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya abhiṇhaṃ dasabalaṃ paricaranti, idampi pāricariyānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalaṃ paricaritvā taṃ pāricariyaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti, ayaṃ pāricariyāyeva nāma, mūlapāricariyā pana pāricariyānuttariyaṃ nāma.

Ānandattheroyeva ca dasabalassa lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussarati, idaṃ anussatānuttariyaṃ. Aññepi sotāpannādayo ānandatthero viya dasabalassa lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussaranti, idampi anussatānuttariyaṃ. Aparo pana puthujjanakalyāṇako ānandatthero viya dasabalassa lokiyalokuttare guṇe anussaritvā taṃ anussatiṃ vaḍḍhetvā sotāpattimaggaṃ pāpeti, ayaṃ anussatiyeva nāma, mūlānussati pana anussatānuttariyaṃ nāma. Imāni cha anuttariyāni, imesaṃ pātubhāvo hoti. Imāni ca pana cha anuttariyāni lokiyalokuttaramissakāni kathitānīti veditabbāni.

Catunnaṃpaṭisambhidānaṃ sacchikiriyā hotīti catasso hi paṭisambhidāyo atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammapaṭisambhidā, niruttipaṭisambhidā, paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti. Tattha atthesu ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā, dhammesu ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā, atthadhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā , ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro panetāsaṃ abhidhamme (vibha. 718 ādayo) āgatoyeva. Imāsaṃ catassannaṃ paṭisambhidānaṃ buddhuppāde paccakkhakiriyā hoti, na vinā buddhuppādā. Etāsaṃ sacchikiriyāti attho. Imāpi lokiyalokuttarāva kathitāti veditabbā.

Anekadhātupaṭivedhoti ‘‘cakkhudhātu rūpadhātū’’tiādīnaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dhātūnaṃ buddhuppādeyeva paṭivedho hoti, na vinā buddhuppādenāti attho. Nānādhātupaṭivedhoti ettha imāva aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo nānāsabhāvato nānādhātuyoti veditabbā. Yo panetāsaṃ ‘‘nānāsabhāvā etā’’ti evaṃ nānākaraṇato paṭivedho, ayaṃ nānādhātupaṭivedho nāma. Vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyāti ettha vijjāti phale ñāṇaṃ, vimuttīti tadavasesā phalasampayuttā dhammā. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāti sototi paṭhamamaggo, tena sotena pattabbaṃ phalanti sotāpattiphalaṃ. Sakadāgāmiphalādīni pākaṭāneva.

187.Anuttaranti niruttaraṃ. Dhammacakkanti seṭṭhacakkaṃ. Cakkasaddo hesa –

‘‘Catubbhi aṭṭhajjhagamā, aṭṭhāhipi ca soḷasa;

Soḷasāhi ca bāttiṃsa, atricchaṃ cakkamāsado;

Icchāhatassa posassa, cakkaṃ bhamati matthake’’ti. (jā. 1.1.104; 1.5.103) –

Ettha uracakke āgato. ‘‘Cakkasamāruḷhā jānapadā pariyāyantī’’ti (a. ni. 3.63; 5.54) ettha iriyāpathacakke. ‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, rathakāro yaṃ taṃ cakkaṃ chahi māsehi niṭṭhitaṃ, taṃ pavattesī’’ti (a. ni. 3.15) ettha dārucakke. ‘‘Addasā kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato pādesu cakkāni sahassārānī’’ti (a. ni. 4.36) ettha lakkhaṇacakke. ‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.31) ettha sampatticakke. ‘‘Dibbaṃ cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.243; ma. ni. 3.256) ettha ratanacakke. Idha pana dhammacakke āgato.

Pavattitanti ettha dhammacakkaṃ abhinīharati nāma, abhinīhaṭaṃ nāma, uppādeti nāma, uppāditaṃ nāma, pavatteti nāma, pavattitaṃ nāmāti ayaṃ pabhedo veditabbo. Kuto paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ abhinīharati nāmāti? Yadā sumedhabrāhmaṇo hutvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ disvā sattasatakamahādānaṃ datvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pañca abhiññā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbatteti, tato paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ abhinīharati nāma.

Kuto paṭṭhāya abhinīhaṭaṃ nāmāti? Yadā aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā dīpaṅkarapādamūle mahābodhimaṇḍatthāya mānasaṃ bandhitvā ‘‘byākaraṇaṃ aladdhā na vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nipanno dasabalassa santikā byākaraṇaṃ labhi, tato paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ abhinīhaṭaṃ nāma.

Kuto paṭṭhāya uppādeti nāmāti? Tato paṭṭhāya dānapāramiṃ pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma. Sīlapāramiṃ pūrentopi…pe… upekkhāpāramiṃ pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma. Dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyo pūrentopi, pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajantopi, ñātatthacariyaṃ pūrentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādeti nāma. Vessantarattabhāve ṭhatvā sattasatakamahādānaṃ datvā puttadāraṃ dānamukhe niyyātetvā pāramikūṭaṃ gahetvā tusitapure nibbattitvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā devatāhi āyācito paṭiññaṃ datvā pañcamahāvilokanaṃ vilokentopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādetiyeva nāma. Mātukucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhantopi, paṭisandhikkhaṇe dasasahassacakkavāḷaṃ kampentopi, mātukucchito nikkhantadivase tatheva lokaṃ kampentopi, sampatijāto satta padāni gantvā ‘‘aggomahasmī’’ti sīhanādaṃ nadantopi, ekūnatiṃsa saṃvaccharāni agāramajjhe vasantopi, mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamantopi, anomānadītīre pabbajantopi, mahāpadhāne chabbassāni vīriyaṃ karontopi, sujātāya dinnaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ bhuñjitvā suvaṇṇapātiṃ nadiyā pavāhetvā sāyanhasamaye bodhimaṇḍavaragato puratthimaṃ lokadhātuṃ olokento nisīditvā sūriye dharamāneyeva mārabalaṃ vidhametvā paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussarantopi, majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhentopi, paccūsakālasamanantare paccayākāraṃ sammasitvā sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi, sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikarontopi, sakadāgāmimaggaṃ sakadāgāmiphalaṃ anāgāmimaggaṃ anāgāmiphalaṃ sacchikarontopi, arahattamaggaṃ paṭivijjhantopi dhammacakkaṃ uppādetiyeva nāma.

Arahattaphalakkhaṇe pana tena dhammacakkaṃ uppāditaṃ nāma. Buddhānañhi sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇarāsi arahattaphaleneva saddhiṃ ijjhati. Tasmā tena tasmiṃ khaṇe dhammacakkaṃ uppāditaṃ nāma hoti.

Kadā pavatteti nāma? Bodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā isipatane migadāye aññākoṇḍaññattheraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā dhammacakkappavattanasuttantaṃ desento dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma.

Yadā pana aññākoṇḍaññattherena dasabalassa desanāñāṇānubhāvanibbattaṃ savanaṃ labhitvā sabbapaṭhamaṃ dhammo adhigato, tato paṭṭhāya dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ nāma hotīti veditabbaṃ. Dhammacakkanti cetaṃ desanāñāṇassapi nāmaṃ paṭivedhañāṇassapi. Tesu desanāñāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ, paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ. Kassa desanāpaṭivedhañāṇanti? Na aññassa kassaci, sammāsambuddhasseva desanāñāṇañca paṭivedhañāṇañcāti veditabbaṃ.

Sammadevāti hetunā nayena kāraṇeneva. Anuppavattetīti yathā purato gacchantassa pacchato gacchanto taṃ anugacchati nāma, evaṃ paṭhamataraṃ satthārā pavattitaṃ thero anuppavatteti nāma. Kathaṃ? Satthā hi ‘‘cattārome, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānā. Katame cattāro’’ti kathento dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma, dhammasenāpati sāriputtattheropi ‘‘cattārome, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānā’’ti kathento dhammacakkaṃ anuppavatteti nāma. Sammappadhānādīsupi eseva nayo. Na kevalañca bodhipakkhiyadhammesu, ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, ariyasaccāni. Cattārome, bhikkhave, ariyavaṃsā’’tiādīsupi ayaṃ nayo netabbova. Evaṃ sammāsambuddho dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti nāma, thero dasabalena pavattitaṃ dhammacakkaṃ anuppavatteti nāma.

Evaṃ dhammacakkaṃ anuppavattentena pana therena dhammo desitopi pakāsitopi satthārāva desito pakāsito hoti. Yo hi koci bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā upāsako vā upāsikā vā devo vā sakko vā māro vā brahmā vā dhammaṃ desetu pakāsetu, sabbo so satthārā desito pakāsitova nāma hoti, sesajano pana lekhahārakapakkhe ṭhitova nāma hoti. Kathaṃ? Yathā hi raññā dinnaṃ paṇṇaṃ vācetvā yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ karonti, taṃ taṃ kammaṃ yena kenaci katampi kāritampi raññā kāritanteva vuccati. Mahārājā viya hi sammāsambuddho. Rājapaṇṇaṃ viya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Paṇṇadānaṃ viya tepiṭake nayamukhadānaṃ paṇṇaṃ vācetvā taṃtaṃkammānaṃ karaṇaṃ viya catunnaṃ parisānaṃ attano balena buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā paresaṃ desanā pakāsanā. Tattha yathā paṇṇaṃ vācetvā yena kenaci katampi kāritampi taṃ kammaṃ raññā kāritameva hoti, evameva yena kenaci desitopi pakāsitopi dhammo satthārā desito pakāsitova nāma hotīti veditabbo. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.

Ekapuggalavaggavaṇṇanā.