16. Vīsatinipāto

July 17, 2020March 9, 2021 Dhamma Paññā 173 Views Theragāthā-aṭṭhakathā-2 trong Khuddakanikāya (aṭṭhakathā)

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16. Vīsatinipāto

16. Vīsatinipāto

1. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vīsatinipāte yaññatthaṃ vātiādikā āyasmato aparassa adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upaṭṭhahanto mahādānāni pavattesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde āyasmato saṃkiccattherassa bhaginiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, adhimuttotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto mātulattherassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhito arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.84-88) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;

Upaṭṭhahiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Nimantetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ujubhūtaṃ samāhitaṃ;

Ucchunā maṇḍapaṃ katvā, bhojesiṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ athamānusaṃ;

Sabbe satte abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ucchudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento upasampajjitukāmo ‘‘mātaraṃ āpucchissāmī’’ti mātu santikaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge devatāya balikammakaraṇatthaṃ maṃsapariyesanaṃ carantehi pañcasatehi corehi samāgacchi. Corā ca taṃ aggahesuṃ ‘‘devatāya bali bhavissatī’’ti. So corehi gahitopi abhīto acchambhī vippasannamukhova aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā coragāmaṇiacchariyabbhutacittajāto pasaṃsanto –

705.

‘‘Yaññatthaṃ vā dhanatthaṃ vā, ye hanāma mayaṃ pure;

Avasesaṃ bhayaṃ hoti, vedhanti vilapanti ca.

706.

‘‘Tassa te natthi bhītattaṃ, bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdati;

Kasmā na paridevesi, evarūpe mahabbhaye’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha yaññatthanti yajanatthaṃ devatānaṃ balikammakaraṇatthaṃ vā. Vā-saddo vikappanattho. Dhanatthanti sāpateyyaharaṇatthaṃ. Ye hanāma mayaṃ pureti ye satte mayaṃ pubbe hanimha. Atītatthe hi idaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ. Avaseti avase aserike katvā. Tanti tesaṃ. ‘‘Avasesanti’’pi paṭhanti. Amhehi gahitesu taṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesānaṃ; ayameva vā pāṭho. Bhayaṃ hotīti maraṇabhayaṃ hoti. Yena te vedhanti vilapanti,cittutrāsena vedhanti , ‘‘sāmi, tumhākaṃ idañcidañca dassāma, dāsā bhavissāmā’’tiādikaṃ vadantā vilapanti.

Tassa teti yo tvaṃ amhehi devatāya balikammatthaṃ jīvitā voropetukāmehi ukkhittāsikehi santajjito, tassa te. Bhītattanti bhītabhāvo, bhayanti attho. Bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdatīti pakativaṇṇato uparipi te mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati. Therassa kira tadā ‘‘sace ime māressanti, idānevāhaṃ anupādāya parinibbāyissāmi, dukkhabhāro vigacchissatī’’ti uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajji. Evarūpe mahabbhayeti edise mahati maraṇabhaye upaṭṭhite. Hetuatthe vā etaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.

Idāni thero coragāmaṇissa paṭivacanadānamukhena dhammaṃ desento –

707.

‘‘Natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa gāmaṇi;

Atikkantā bhayā sabbe, khīṇasaṃyojanassa ve.

708.

‘‘Khīṇāya bhavanettiyā, diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe;

Na bhayaṃ maraṇe hoti, bhāranikkhepane yathā.

709.

‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthi, rogānamiva saṅkhaye.

710.

‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhā, visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitaṃ.

711.

‘‘Pāragū anupādāno, katakicco anāsavo;

Tuṭṭho āyukkhayā hoti, mutto āghātanā yathā.

712.

‘‘Uttamaṃ dhammataṃ patto, sabbaloke anatthiko;

Ādittāva gharā mutto, maraṇasmiṃ na socati.

713.

‘‘Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñci, bhavo vā yattha labbhati;

Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etaṃ, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

714.

‘‘Yo taṃ tathā pajānāti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;

Na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñci, sutattaṃva ayoguḷaṃ.

715.

‘‘Na me hoti ‘ahosi’nti, ‘bhavissa’nti na hoti me;

Saṅkhārā vigamissanti, tattha kā paridevanā.

716.

‘‘Suddhaṃ dhammasamuppādaṃ, suddhaṃ saṅkhārasantatiṃ;

Passantassa yathābhūtaṃ, na bhayaṃ hoti gāmaṇi.

717.

‘‘Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokaṃ, yadā paññāya passati;

Mamattaṃ so asaṃvindaṃ, ‘natthi me’ti na socati.

718.

‘‘Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrena, bhavenamhi anatthiko;

Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyo, añño ca na bhavissati.

719.

‘‘Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrena, taṃ karotha yadicchatha;

Na me tappaccayā tattha, doso pemañca hehitī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

720.

‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Satthāni nikkhipitvāna, māṇavā etadabravu’’nti. –

Ayaṃ saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā. Ito aparā tisso corānaṃ, therassa ca vacanapaṭivacanagāthā –

721.

‘‘Kiṃ bhadante karitvāna, ko vā ācariyo tava;

Kassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

722.

‘‘Sabbaññū sabbadassāvī, jino ācariyo mama;

Mahākāruṇiko satthā, sabbalokatikicchako.

723.

‘‘Tenāyaṃ desito dhammo, khayagāmī anuttaro;

Tassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

724.

‘‘Sutvāna corā isino subhāsitaṃ, nikkhippa satthāni ca āvudhāni ca;

Tamhā ca kammā viramiṃsu eke, eke ca pabbajjamarocayiṃsu.

725.

‘‘Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsane, bhāvetva bojjhaṅgabalāni paṇḍitā;

Udaggacittā sumanā katindriyā, phusiṃsu nibbānapadaṃ asaṅkhata’’nti. –

Imāpi saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā.

Tattha natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa, gāmaṇīti gāmaṇi, apekkhāya, taṇhāya, abhāvena anapekkhassa mādisassa, lohitasabhāvo pubbo viya, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ natthi, domanassābhāvāpadesena bhayābhāvaṃ vadati. Tenāha ‘‘atikkantā bhayā sabbe’’ti. Atikkantā bhayā sabbeti khīṇasaṃyojanassa arahato pañcavīsati mahābhayā, aññe ca sabbepi bhayā ekaṃsena atikkantā atītā, apagatāti attho.

Diṭṭhe dhamme yathātatheti catusaccadhamme pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena maggapaññāya yathābhūtaṃ diṭṭhe. Maraṇeti maraṇahetu. Bhāranikkhepane yathāti yathā koci puriso sīse ṭhitena mahatā garubhārena saṃsīdanto tassa nikkhepane, apanayane na bhāyati, evaṃ sampadamidanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;

Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukha’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 3.22);

Suciṇṇanti suṭṭhu caritaṃ. Brahmacariyanti, sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Tato eva maggo cāpi subhāvito aṭṭhaṅgiko ariyamaggopi sammadeva bhāvito. Rogānamiva saṅkhayeti yathā bahūhi rogehi abhibhūtassa āturassa rogānaṃ saṅkhaye pītisomanassameva hoti, evaṃ khandharogasaṅkhaye maraṇe mādisassa bhayaṃ natthi.

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhāti tīhi dukkhatāhi abhibhūtā, ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā, tayo bhavā nirassādā, assādarahitā, mayā diṭṭhā. Visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitanti pamādavasena visaṃ pivitvā tādisena payogena chaḍḍitaṃ viya maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti attho.

Muttoāghātanā yathāti yathā corehi māraṇatthaṃ āghātanaṃ nīto kenaci upāyena tato mutto haṭṭhatuṭṭho hoti, evaṃ saṃsārapāraṃ, nibbānaṃ, gatattā pāragū, catūhipi upādānehi anupādāno, pariññādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ katattā katakicco kāmāsavādīhi anāsavo, āyukkhayā āyukkhayahetu tuṭṭho somanassiko hoti.

Uttamanti seṭṭhaṃ. Dhammatanti, dhammasabhāvaṃ. Arahatte siddhe sijjhanahetu iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvaṃ. Sabbaloketi sabbalokasmimpi, dīghāyukasukhabahulatādivasena saṃyuttepi loke. Anatthikoti, anapekkho. Ādittāva gharā muttoti yathā koci puriso samantato ādittato pajjalitato gehato nissaṭo, tato nissaraṇanimittaṃ na socati, evaṃ khīṇāsavo maraṇanimittaṃ na socati.

Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñcīti yaṃkiñci imasmiṃ loke atthi, vijjati, upalabbhati saṅgataṃ, sattehi saṅkhārehi vā samāgamo, samodhānaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhata’’ntipi pāṭho, tassa yaṃkiñci paccayehi samacca sambhuyya kataṃ, paṭiccasamuppannanti attho. Bhavo vā yattha labbhatīti yasmiṃ sattanikāye yo upapattibhavo labbhati. Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etanti sabbametaṃ issararahitaṃ, na ettha kenaci ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti issariyaṃ vattetuṃ sakkā. Iti vuttaṃ mahesināti ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ mahesinā sammāsambuddhena. Tasmā ‘‘anissaraṃ eta’’nti pajānanto maraṇasmiṃ na socatīti yojanā.

Nagaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñcīti yo ariyasāvako ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277) yathā buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ, tathā taṃ bhavattayaṃ vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pajānāti. So yathā koci puriso sukhakāmo divasaṃ santattaṃ ayoguḷaṃ hatthena na gaṇhāti, evaṃ kiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhavaṃ na gaṇhāti, na tattha taṇhaṃ karotīti attho.

Na me hoti ‘‘ahosi’’nti ‘‘atītamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ īdiso ahosi’’nti attadiṭṭhivasena na me cittappavatti atthi diṭṭhiyā sammadeva ugghāṭitattā, dhammasabhāvassa ca sudiṭṭhattā. ‘‘Bhavissa’’nti na hoti meti tato eva ‘‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ ediso kathaṃ nu kho bhavissaṃ bhaveyya’’nti evampi me na hoti. Saṅkhārā vigamissantīti evaṃ pana hoti ‘‘yathāpaccayaṃ pavattamānā saṅkhārāva, na ettha koci attā vā attaniyaṃ vā, te ca kho vigamissanti , vinassissanti, khaṇe khaṇe bhijjissantī’’ti. Tattha kā paridevanāti evaṃ passantassa mādisassa tattha saṅkhāragate kā nāma paridevanā.

Suddhanti kevalaṃ, attasārena asammissaṃ. Dhammasamuppādanti paccayapaccayuppannadhammasamuppattiṃ avijjādipaccayehi saṅkhārādidhammamattappavattiṃ. Saṅkhārasantatinti kilesakammavipākappabhedasaṅkhārapabandhaṃ. Passantassa yathābhūtanti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya yāthāvato jānantassa.

Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokanti yathā araññe apariggahe tiṇakaṭṭhe kenaci gayhamāne aparassa ‘‘mayhaṃ santakaṃ ayaṃ gaṇhatī’’ti na hoti, evaṃ so asāmikatāya tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ saṅkhāralokaṃ yadā paññāya passati, so tattha mamattaṃ asaṃvindaṃ asaṃvindanto alabhanto akaronto. Natthi meti ‘‘ahu vata sohaṃ, taṃ me natthī’’ti na socati.

Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrenāti asārakena abhinudena dukkhena akataññunā asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlasabhāvena iminā kāyena ukkaṇṭhāmi imaṃ kāyaṃ nibbindanto evaṃ tiṭṭhāmi. Bhavenamhi anatthikoti sabbenapi bhavena anatthiko amhi, na kiñci bhavaṃ patthemi. Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyoti ayaṃ mama kāyo idāni tumhākaṃ payogena aññathā vā aññattha bhijjissati. Añño ca na bhavissatīti añño kāyo mayhaṃ āyatiṃ na bhavissati, punabbhavābhāvato.

Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrenāti yaṃ tumhākaṃ iminā sarīrena payojanaṃ, taṃ karotha yadicchatha, icchatha ce. Na me tappaccayāti, taṃ nimittaṃ imassa sarīrassa tumhehi yathicchitakiccassa karaṇahetu. Tatthāti tesu karontesu ca akarontesu ca. Doso pemañca hehitīti yathākkamaṃ paṭigho anunayo na bhavissati, attano bhave apekkhāya sabbaso pahīnattāti adhippāyo. Aññapaccayā aññattha ca paṭighānunayesu asantesupi tappaccayā, ‘‘tatthā’’ti vacanaṃ yathādhigatavasena vuttaṃ.

Tassāti adhimuttattherassa. Taṃ vacananti ‘‘natthi cetasikaṃ dukkha’’ntiādikaṃ maraṇe bhayābhāvādidīpakaṃ, tato eva abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā. Māṇavāti corā. Corā hi ‘‘māṇavā’’ti vuccanti ‘‘māṇavehi saha gacchanti katakammehi akatakammehipī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) viya.

Kiṃbhadante karitvānāti, bhante, kiṃ nāma tapokammaṃ katvā. Ko vā tava ācariyo kassa sāsanaṃ, ovādaṃ nissāya ayaṃ asokatā maraṇakāle sokābhāvo labbhatīti etaṃ atthaṃ abravuṃ, pucchāvasena kathesuṃ, bhāsiṃsu.

Taṃ sutvā thero tesaṃ paṭivacanaṃ dento ‘‘sabbaññū’’tiādimāha. Tattha sabbaññūti paropadesena vinā sabbapakārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇassa adhigamena atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātīti, sabbaññū. Teneva samantacakkhunā sabbassa dassanato sabbadassāvī. Yamhi anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, tadeva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, nattheva asādhāraṇañāṇapāḷiyā virodho visayuppattimukhena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Pañcannampi mārānaṃ vijayato jino, hīnādivibhāgabhinne sabbasmiṃ sattanikāye adhimuttavuttitāya mahatiyā karuṇāya samannāgatattā mahākāruṇiko, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ anusāsanato satthā, tato eva sabbalokassa kilesarogatikicchanato sabbalokatikicchako, sammāsambuddho ācariyo mamāti yojanā. Khayagāmīti nibbānagāmī.

Evaṃ therena satthu sāsanassa ca guṇe pakāsite paṭiladdhasaddhā ekacce corā pabbajiṃsu, ekacce upāsakattaṃ pavedesuṃ. Tamatthaṃ dīpento dhammasaṅgāhakā ‘‘sutvāna corā’’tiādinā dve gāthā abhāsiṃsu. Tattha isinoti adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ esanaṭṭhena isino, adhimuttattherassa. Nikkhippāti pahāya. Satthāni ca āvudhāni cāti asiādisatthāni ceva dhanukalāpādiāvudhāni ca. Tamhā ca kammāti tato corakammato.

Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsaneti te corā sobhanagamanatādīhi sugatassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajjaṃ upagantvā. Bhāvanāvisesādhigatāya odagyalakkhaṇāya pītiyā samannāgamena udaggacittā. Sumanāti somanassappattā. Katindriyāti bhāvitindriyā. Phusiṃsūti aggamaggādhigamena asaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchiṃsu. Adhimutto kira core nibbisevane katvā, te tattheva ṭhapetvā, mātu santikaṃ gantvā, mātaraṃ āpucchitvā, paccāgantvā tehi saddhiṃ upajjhāyassa santikaṃ gantvā, pabbājetvā upasampadaṃ akāsi. Atha tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi , te nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘pabbajitvā…pe… asaṅkhata’’nti.

Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Samaṇassa ahu cintātiādikā āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa vayappattassa gottavasena pārāpariyotveva samaññā ahosi. So tayo vede uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato. Ekadivasaṃ satthu dhammadesanākāle jetavanavihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā indriyabhāvanāsuttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.453) desesi. So taṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Taṃ suttaṃ uggahetvā tadatthamanucintesi. Yathā pana anucintesi, svāyamattho gāthāsu eva āvi bhavissati. So tathā anuvicintento āyatanamukhena vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ patto. Aparabhāge attanā cintitākāraṃ pakāsento –

726.

‘‘Samaṇassa ahu cintā, pārāpariyassa bhikkhuno;

Ekakassa nisinnassa, pavivittassa jhāyino.

727.

‘‘Kimānupubbaṃ puriso, kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāraṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

728.

‘‘Indriyāni manussānaṃ, hitāya ahitāya ca;

Arakkhitāni ahitāya, rakkhitāni hitāya ca.

729.

‘‘Indriyāneva sārakkhaṃ, indriyāni ca gopayaṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

730.

‘‘Cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

731.

‘‘Sotindriyaṃ ce saddesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

732.

‘‘Anissaraṇadassāvī, gandhe ce paṭisevati;

Na so muccati dukkhamhā, gandhesu adhimucchito.

733.

‘‘Ambilaṃ madhuraggañca, tittakaggamanussaraṃ;

Rasataṇhāya gadhito, hadayaṃ nāvabujjhati.

734.

‘‘Subhānyappaṭikūlāni , phoṭṭhabbāni anussaraṃ;

Ratto rāgādhikaraṇaṃ, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

735.

‘‘Manaṃ cetehi dhammehi, yo na sakkoti rakkhituṃ;

Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti, sabbehetehi pañcahi.

736.

‘‘Pubbalohitasampuṇṇaṃ, bahussa kuṇapassa ca;

Naravīrakataṃ vagguṃ, samuggamiva cittitaṃ.

737.

‘‘Kaṭukaṃ madhurassādaṃ, piyanibandhanaṃ dukhaṃ;

Khuraṃva madhunā littaṃ, ullihaṃ nāvabujjhati.

738.

‘‘Itthirūpe itthisare, phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā;

Itthigandhesu sāratto, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

739.

‘‘Itthisotāni sabbāni, sandanti pañca pañcasu;

Tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ, yo sakkoti vīriyavā.

740.

‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇo;

Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ.

741.

‘‘Atho sīdati saññuttaṃ, vajje kiccaṃ niratthakaṃ;

Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.

742.

‘‘Yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati;

Taṃ samādāya vattetha, sā hi ve uttamā rati.

743.

‘‘Uccāvacehupāyehi, paresamabhijigīsati;

Hantvā vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ.

744.

‘‘Tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā;

Indriyānindriyeheva, nihanti kusalo tathā.

745.

‘‘Saddhaṃ vīriyaṃ samādhiñca, satipaññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Pañca pañcahi hantvāna, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo.

746.

‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, katvā vākyānusāsaniṃ;

Sabbena sabbaṃ buddhassa, so naro sukhamedhatī’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha samaṇassāti pabbajitassa. Ahūti ahosi. Cintāti dhammacintā dhammavicāraṇā. Pārāpariyassāti pārāparagottassa. ‘‘Pārācariyassā’’tipi paṭhanti. Bhikkhunoti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhanasīlassa. Ekakassāti asahāyassa, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Pavivittassāti pavivekahetunā kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanena vivekaṃ āraddhassa, etena cittavivekaṃ dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘jhāyino’’ti. Jhāyinoti jhāyanasīlassa, yonisomanasikāresu yuttassāti attho. Sabbametaṃ thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā vadati.

‘‘Kimānupubba’’ntiādinā taṃ cintanaṃ dasseti. Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva kimānupubbanti anupubbaṃ anukkamo, anupubbameva vakkhamānesu vatasamācāresu ko anukkamo, kena anukkamena te paṭipajjitabbāti attho. Puriso kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāranti atthakāmo puriso samādiyitabbaṭṭhena ‘‘vata’’nti laddhanāmaṃ, kīdisaṃ sīlaṃ samācāraṃ, samācaranto, attano kiccakārī kattabbakārī assa, kañci sattaṃ na ca viheṭhaye, na bādheyyāti attho. Attano kiccaṃ nāma samaṇadhammo, saṅkhepato sīlasamādhipaññā, taṃ sampādentassa paraviheṭhanāya lesopi natthi tāya sati samaṇabhāvasseva abhāvato.

Yathāha bhagavā – ‘‘na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī, na samaṇo hoti paraṃ viheṭhayanto’’ti (dha. pa. 184). Ettha ca vataggahaṇena vārittasīlaṃ gahitaṃ, samācāraggahaṇena samācaritabbato cārittasīlena saddhiṃ jhānavipassanādi, tasmā vārittasīlaṃ padhānaṃ. Tatthāpi ca yasmā indriyasaṃvare siddhe sabbaṃ sīlaṃ surakkhitaṃ, sugopitameva hoti, tasmā indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ tāva dassetukāmo indriyānaṃ arakkhaṇe rakkhaṇe ca ādīnavānisaṃse vibhāvento ‘‘indriyāni manussāna’’ntiādimāha. Tattha indriyānīti rakkhitabbadhammanidassanaṃ, tasmā cakkhādīni cha indriyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Manussānanti rakkhaṇayogyapuggalanidassanaṃ. Hitāyāti atthāya. Ahitāyāti anatthāya. Hontīti vacanaseso. Kathaṃ pana tāniyeva hitāya ca ahitāya hontīti āha ‘‘rakkhitānī’’tiādi. Tassattho – yassa cakkhādīni indriyāni satikavāṭena apihitāni, tassa rūpādīsu abhijjhādipāpadhammapavattiyā dvārabhāvato anatthāya pihitāni, tadabhāvato atthāya saṃvattantīti.

Indriyānevasārakkhanti yasmā indriyasaṃvaro paripuṇṇo sīlasampadaṃ paripūreti, sīlasampadā paripuṇṇā samādhisampadaṃ paripūreti, samādhisampadā paripuṇṇā paññāsampadaṃ paripūreti, tasmā indriyārakkhā attahitapaṭipattiyāva mūlanti dassento āha ‘‘indriyāneva sārakkha’’nti. Satipubbaṅgamena ārakkhena saṃrakkhanto yonisomanasikārena indriyāni eva tāva sammadeva rakkhanto, yathā akusalacorā tehi tehi dvārehi pavisitvā cittasantāne kusalaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ na vilumpanti, tathā tāni pidahantoti attho. Sārakkhanti ca saṃ-saddassa sābhāvaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, ‘‘sārāgo’’tiādīsu viya. ‘‘Saṃrakkha’’nti ca pāṭho. Indriyāni ca gopayanti tasseva pariyāyavacanaṃ, pariyāyavacane payojanaṃ nettiaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Attano kiccakārīssā’’ti iminā attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti, ‘‘na ca kañci viheṭhaye’’ti iminā parahitapaṭipattiṃ, ubhayenāpi vā attahitapaṭipattimeva dasseti parāviheṭhanassāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato. Atha vā padadvayenapi attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti puthujjanassa sekkhassa ca parahitapaṭipattiyāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato.

Evaṃ rakkhitāni indriyāni hitāya hontīti vodānapakkhaṃ saṅkhepeneva dassetvā, arakkhitāni ahitāya hontīti saṃkilesapakkhaṃ pana vibhajitvā dassento ‘‘cakkhundriyaṃ ce’’tiādimāha. Tattha cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ. Anādīnavadassāvīti yo nīlapītādibhedesu iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu rūpāyatanesu gacchantaṃ yathāruci pavattantaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ anivārayaṃ, anivārayanto appaṭibāhanto tathāpavattiyaṃ ādīnavadassāvī na hoti ce, diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ na passati ce . ‘‘Gacchantaṃ nivāraye anissaraṇadassāvī’’ti ca pāṭho. Tattha yo ‘‘diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.95) vuttavidhinā diṭṭhamatteyeva ṭhatvā satisampajaññavasena rūpāyatane pavattamāno tattha nissaraṇadassāvī nāma. Vuttavipariyāyena anissaraṇadassāvī daṭṭhabbo. So dukkhā na hi muccatīti so evarūpo puggalo vaṭṭadukkhato na muccateva. Ettha ca cakkhundriyassa anivāraṇaṃ nāma yathā tena dvārena abhijjhādayo pāpadhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tathā pavattanaṃ, taṃ pana atthato satisampajaññassa anuṭṭhāpanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesindriyesupi eseva nayo. Adhimucchitoti adhimuttataṇhāya mucchaṃ āpanno. Ambilanti ambilarasaṃ. Madhuragganti madhurarasakoṭṭhāsaṃ. Tathā tittakaggaṃ. Anussaranti assādavasena taṃ taṃ rasaṃ anuvicintento. Ganthitoti rasataṇhāya tasmiṃ tasmiṃ rase ganthito bandho. ‘‘Gadhito’’ti ca paṭhanti, gedhaṃ āpannoti attho. Hadayaṃ nāvabujjhatīti ‘‘dukkhassantaṃ karissāmī’’ti pabbajjādikkhaṇe uppannaṃ cittaṃ na jānāti na sallakkheti , sāsanassa hadayaṃ abbhantaraṃ anavajjadhammānaṃ sammaddanarasataṇhāya gadhito nāvabujjhati na jānāti, na paṭipajjatīti attho.

Subhānīti sundarāni. Appaṭikūlānīti manoramāni, iṭṭhāni. Phoṭṭhabbānīti upādiṇṇānupādiṇṇappabhede phasse. Rattoti rajjanasabhāvena rāgena ratto. Rāgādhikaraṇanti rāgahetu. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti rāgapariḷāhādivasena diṭṭhadhammikañca nirayasantāpādivasena abhisamparāyañca nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Manaṃ cetehīti manañca etehi rūpārammaṇādīhi dhammārammaṇappabhedehi ca. Nanti puggalaṃ. Sabbehīti sabbehi pañcahipi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo manaṃ, manodvāraṃ, etehi yathāvuttehi rūpādīhi pañcahi dhammehi dhammārammaṇappabhedato ca. Tattha pavattanakapāpakammanivāraṇena rakkhituṃ, gopituṃ na sakkoti, tato tassa arakkhaṇato naṃ puggalaṃ taṃnimittaṃ dukkhaṃ anveti, anugacchati, anugacchantañca etehi pañcahipi rūpārammaṇādīhi chaṭṭhārammaṇena saddhiṃ sabbehipi ārammaṇappaccayabhūtehi anugacchatīti. Ettha cakkhundriyaṃ, sotindriyañca asampattaggāhibhāvato ‘‘gacchantaṃ anivāraya’’nti vuttaṃ itaraṃ sampattaggāhīti ‘‘gandhe ce paṭisevatī’’tiādinā vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi ca rasataṇhā ca phoṭṭhabbataṇhā ca sattānaṃ visesato balavatīti ‘‘rasataṇhāya gadhito, phoṭṭhabbāni anussarantoti’’ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ aguttadvārassa puggalassa chahi dvārehi chasupi ārammaṇesu asaṃvaranimittaṃ uppajjanakadukkhaṃ dassetvā svāyamasaṃvaro yasmā sarīrasabhāvānavabodhena hoti, tasmā sarīrasabhāvaṃ vicinanto ‘‘pubbalohitasampuṇṇa’’ntiādinā gāthādvayamāha. Tassattho – sarīraṃ nāmetaṃ pubbena lohitena ca sampuṇṇaṃ bharitaṃ aññena ca pittasemhādinā bahunā kuṇapena, tayidaṃ naravīrena naresu chekena sippācariyena kataṃ vaggu maṭṭhaṃ lākhāparikammādinā cittitaṃ, anto pana gūthādiasucibharitaṃ samuggaṃ viya chavimattamanoharaṃ bālajanasammohaṃ dukkhasabhāvatāya nirayādidukkhatāpanato ca kaṭukaṃ, parikappasambhavena amūlakena assādamattena madhuratāya madhurassādaṃ, tato eva piyabhāvanibandhanena piyanibandhanaṃ, dussahatāya appatītatāya ca dukhaṃ, īdise sarīre assādalobhena mahādukkhaṃ paccanubhuyyamānaṃ anavabujjhanto loko madhuragiddho khuradhārālehakapuriso viya daṭṭhabboti.

Idāni ete cakkhādīnaṃ gocarabhūtā rūpādayo vuttā, te visesato purisassa itthipaṭibaddhā kamanīyāti tattha saṃvaro kātabboti dassento ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādimāha. Tattha itthirūpeti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarūpāyatanasaṅkhāte vaṇṇe. Api ca yo koci itthiyā nivatthassa alaṅkārassa vā gandhavaṇṇakādīnaṃ vā piḷandhanamālānaṃ vā kāyapaṭibaddho vaṇṇo purisassa cakkhuviññāṇassa ārammaṇabhāvāya upakappati, sabbametaṃ ‘‘itthirūpa’’ntveva veditabbaṃ. Itthisareti itthiyā gītalapitahasitaruditasadde. Api ca itthiyā nivatthavatthassapi alaṅkataalaṅkārassapi itthipayoganipphāditā veṇuvīṇāsaṅkhapaṇavādīnampi saddā idha itthisaraggahaṇena gahitāti veditabbā. Sabbopeso purisassa cittaṃ ākaḍḍhatīti. ‘‘Itthirase’’ti pana pāḷiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarasāyatanavasena vuttaṃ. Itthiyā kiṃkārapaṭissāvitādivasena assavaraso ceva paribhogaraso ca itthirasoti eke. Yo pana itthiyā oṭṭhamaṃsasammakkhitakheḷādiraso, yo ca tāya purisassa dinnayāgubhattādīnaṃ raso, sabbopeso ‘‘itthiraso’’tveva veditabbo. Phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā kāyasamphasso, itthisarīrārūḷhānaṃ vatthālaṅkāramālādīnaṃ phasso ‘‘itthiphoṭṭhabbo’’tveva veditabbo. Ettha ca yesaṃ itthirūpe itthisareti pāḷi, tesaṃ api-saddena itthirasasaṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Itthigandhesūti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikagandhāyatanesu. Itthiyā sarīragandho nāma duggandho. Ekaccā hi itthī assagandhinī hoti, ekaccā meṇḍagandhinī, ekaccā sedagandhinī, ekaccā soṇitagandhinī, tathāpi tāsu andhabālo rajjateva. Cakkavattino pana itthiratanassa kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato uppalagandho, ayaṃ na sabbāsaṃ hotīti, itthiyā sarīre ārūḷho āgantuko anulimpanādigandho ‘‘itthigandho’’ti veditabbo. Sārattoti suṭṭhu ratto gadhito mucchito, idaṃ pana padaṃ ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādīsupi yojetabbaṃ. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti itthirūpādīsu sarāganimittaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ vadhabandhanādivasena samparāyikaṃ pañcavidhabandhanādivasena nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Itthisotāni sabbānīti itthiyā rūpādiārammaṇāni sabbāni anavasesāni pañca taṇhāsotāni sandanti. Pañcasūti purisassa pañcasu dvāresu. Tesanti tesaṃ pañcannaṃ sotānaṃ. Āvaraṇanti saṃvaraṇaṃ, yathā asaṃvaro na uppajjati, evaṃ satisampajaññaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā saṃvaraṃ pavattetuṃ yo sakkoti, so vīriyavā āraddhavīriyo akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāyāti attho.

Evaṃ rūpādigocare pabbajitassa paṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni gahaṭṭhassa dassetuṃ ‘‘so atthavā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha so atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇoti so puggalo imasmiṃ loke atthavā, buddhimā, dhamme ṭhito, dhamme dakkho, dhamme cheko, analaso vā vicakkhaṇo iti kattabbatāsu kusalo nāma. Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitanti geharatiyā ramamānopi dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ dhammato atthato ca anapetameva taṃ taṃ kattabbaṃ. Anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādanaṃ, uppannānaṃ paripālanaṃ, paribhogañca kareyya, aññamaññaṃ, avirodhena, aññamaññaṃ, abādhanena, tivaggatthaṃ anuyuñjeyyāti adhippāyo . Ayañca nayo yesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiavirodhena tivaggatthassa vasena vattati bimbisāramahārājādīnaṃ viya, tesaṃ vasena vutto. Na yesaṃ kesañci vasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Atho sīdati saññuttanti yadi idhaloke supasaṃhitaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ atthaṃ pariggahetvā ṭhitaṃ. Vajje kiccaṃ niratthakanti samparāyikattharahitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ kiccaṃ sacepi vissajjeyya pariccajeyya. Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇoti satiavippavāsena appamatto vicāraṇapaññāsambhavena vicakkhaṇo anatthupasaṃhitaṃ, taṃ kiccaṃ mayā na kātabbanti maññitvā vivajjeyya.

Vivajjetvā pana yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati. Taṃ samādāya vattethāti yaṃkiñci diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikappabhedena atthena hitena saṃyuttaṃ tadubhayahitāvahaṃ, yā ca adhikusaladhammagatā samathavipassanāsahitā rati, tadubhayaṃ sammā ādiyitvā pariggahaṃ katvā vatteyya. ‘‘Sabbaṃ ratiṃ dhammarati jinātī’’ti (dha. pa. 354) vacanato sā hi ekaṃsena uttamatthassa pāpanato uttamā rati nāma.

Yaṃ pana kāmaratisaṃyuttaṃ kiccaṃ niratthakanti vuttaṃ, tassā anatthupasaṃhitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘uccāvacehī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha uccāvacehīti mahantehi ceva khuddakehi ca. Upāyehīti nayehi. Paresamabhijigīsatīti paresaṃ santakaṃ āharituṃ icchati, pare vā sabbathā hāpeti, jināpeti paraṃ hantvā, vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo kāmahetu pare hananto, ghātento, socento sandhicchedasandhiruhanapasayhāvahārādīhi nānupāyehi paresaṃ santakaṃ harituṃ vāyamanto sāhasākāraṃ karoti, ālopati, jigīsati sāpateyyavasena pare hāpeti, tassa taṃ kiccaṃ kāmaratisannissitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ ekantanihīnanti. Etena tappaṭipakkhato dhammagatāya ratiyā ekaṃsato uttamabhāvaṃyeva vibhāveti.

Idāni yaṃ ‘‘tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ yo sakkotī’’ti indriyānaṃ āvaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ upāyena saha vibhāvento ‘‘tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā’’ti āha. Yathā balavā kāyabalena, ñāṇabalena ca samannāgato tacchako rukkhadaṇḍagataṃ āṇiṃ nīharitukāmo tato balavatiṃ āṇiṃ koṭento tato nīharati, tathā kusalo bhikkhu cakkhādīni indriyāni vipassanābalena nihantukāmo indriyehi eva nihanti.

Katamehi panāti āha ‘‘saddha’’ntiādi. Tassattho – adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ saddhaṃ, paggahalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ samādhiṃ, upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ satiṃ, dassanalakkhaṇaṃ paññanti imānipi vimuttiparipācakāni pañcindriyāni bhāvento vaḍḍhento etehi pañcahi indriyehi cakkhādīni pañcindriyāni anunayapaṭighādikilesuppattiyā dvārabhāvavihanena hantvā, ariyamaggena tadupanissaye kilese samucchinditvā, tato eva anīgho niddukkho brāhmaṇo anupādisesaparinibbānameva yāti upagacchatīti.

So atthavāti so yathāvutto brāhmaṇo uttamatthena samannāgatattā atthavā, taṃ sampāpake dhamme ṭhitattā dhammaṭṭho. Sabbena sabbaṃ anavasesena vidhinā anavasesaṃ buddhassa bhagavato vākyabhūtaṃ anusāsaniṃ katvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjitvā ṭhito. Tato eva so naro uttamapuriso nibbānasukhañca edhati, brūheti, vaḍḍhetīti.

Evaṃ therena attano cintitākāravibhāvanāvasena paṭipattiyā pakāsitattā idameva cassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Telakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cirarattaṃ vatātāpītiādikā āyasmato telakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde satthu abhijātito puretaraṃyeva sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā telakānīti laddhanāmo vayappatto hetusampannatāya kāme jigucchanto gharāvāsaṃ pahāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vivaṭṭajjhāsayo ‘‘ko so pāraṅgato loke’’tiādinā vimokkhapariyesanaṃ caramāno te te samaṇabrāhmaṇe upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati, te na sampāyanti. So tena anārādhitacitto vicarati. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavati loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakke lokahitaṃ karonte ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāti. So ekadivasaṃ bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nisinno attanā adhigatavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā tadanusārena attano paṭipattiṃ anussaritvā taṃ sabbaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ācikkhanto –

747.

‘‘Cirarattaṃ vatātāpī, dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ;

Samaṃ cittassa nālatthaṃ, pucchaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇe.

748.

‘‘Ko so pāraṅgato loke, ko patto amatogadhaṃ;

Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi, paramatthavijānanaṃ.

749.

‘‘Antovaṅkagato āsi, macchova ghasamāmisaṃ;

Baddho mahindapāsena, vepacityasuro yathā.

750.

‘‘Añchāmi naṃ na muñcāmi, asmā sokapariddavā;

Ko me bandhaṃ muñcaṃ loke, sambodhiṃ vedayissati.

751.

‘‘Samaṇaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ vā kaṃ, ādisantaṃ pabhaṅgunaṃ;

Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi, jarāmaccupavāhanaṃ.

752.

‘‘Vicikicchākaṅkhāganthitaṃ, sārambhabalasaññutaṃ;

Kodhappattamanatthaddhaṃ, abhijappappadāraṇaṃ.

753.

‘‘Taṇhādhanusamuṭṭhānaṃ, dve ca pannarasāyutaṃ;

Passa orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ, bhetvāna yadi tiṭṭhati.

754.

‘‘Anudiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānaṃ, saṅkappaparatejitaṃ;

Tena viddho pavedhāmi, pattaṃva māluteritaṃ.

755.

‘‘Ajjhattaṃ me samuṭṭhāya, khippaṃ paccati māmakaṃ;

Chaphassāyatanī kāyo, yattha sarati sabbadā.

756.

‘‘Taṃ na passāmi tekicchaṃ, yo metaṃ sallamuddhare;

Nānārajjena satthena, nāññena vicikicchitaṃ.

757.

‘‘Ko me asattho avaṇo, sallamabbhantarapassayaṃ;

Ahiṃsaṃ sabbagattāni, sallaṃ me uddharissati.

758.

‘‘Dhammappati hi so seṭṭho, visadosappavāhako;

Gambhīre patitassa me, thalaṃ pāṇiñca dassaye.

759.

‘‘Rahadehamasmi ogāḷho, ahāriyarajamattike;

Māyāusūyasārambha, thinamiddhamapatthaṭe.

760.

‘‘Uddhaccameghathanitaṃ, saṃyojanavalāhakaṃ;

Vāhā vahanti kuddiṭṭhiṃ, saṅkappā rāganissitā.

761.

‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, latā ubbhijja tiṭṭhati;

Te sote ko nivāreyya, taṃ lataṃ ko hi checchati.

762.

‘‘Velaṃ karotha bhaddante, sotānaṃ sannivāraṇaṃ;

Mā te manomayo sotā, rukkhaṃva sahasā luve.

763.

‘‘Evaṃ me bhayajātassa, apārā pāramesato;

Tāṇo paññāvudho satthā, isisaṅghanisevito.

764.

‘‘Sopānaṃ sugataṃ suddhaṃ, dhammasāramayaṃ daḷhaṃ;

Pādāsi vuyhamānassa, mā bhāyīti ca mabravi.

765.

‘‘Satipaṭṭhānapāsādaṃ, āruyha paccavekkhisaṃ;

Yaṃ taṃ pubbe amaññissaṃ, sakkāyābhirataṃ pajaṃ.

766.

‘‘Yadā ca maggamaddakkhiṃ, nāvāya abhirūhanaṃ;

Anadhiṭṭhāya attānaṃ, titthamaddakkhimuttamaṃ.

767.

‘‘Sallaṃ attasamuṭṭhānaṃ, bhavanettippabhāvitaṃ;

Etesaṃ appavattāya, desesi maggamuttamaṃ.

768.

‘‘Dīgharattānusayitaṃ , cirarattamadhiṭṭhitaṃ;

Buddho mepānudī ganthaṃ, visadosappavāhano’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha cirarattaṃ vatāti cirakālaṃ vata. Ātāpīti vīriyavā vimokkhadhammapariyesane āraddhavīriyo. Dhammaṃ anuvicintayanti ‘‘kīdiso nu kho vimokkhadhammo, kathaṃ vā adhigantabbo’’ti vimuttidhammaṃ anuvicinanto gavesanto. Samaṃ cittassa nālatthaṃ, pucchaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇeti te te nānātitthiye samaṇabrāhmaṇe vimuttidhammaṃ pucchanto pakatiyā anupasantasabhāvassa cittassa samaṃ vūpasamabhūtaṃ vaṭṭadukkhavissaraṇaṃ ariyadhammaṃ nālatthaṃ nādhigacchanti attho.

Koso pāraṅgatotiādi pucchitākāradassanaṃ. Tattha ko so pāraṅgato loketi imasmiṃ loke titthakārapaṭiññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu ko nu kho so saṃsārassa pāraṃ nibbānaṃ upagato. Ko patto amatogadhanti nibbānapatiṭṭhaṃ vimokkhamaggaṃ ko patto adhigatoti attho. Kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmīti kassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā ovādadhammaṃ paṭiggaṇhāmi paṭipajjāmi. Paramatthavijānananti paramatthassa vijānanaṃ, aviparītappavattinivattiyo pavedentanti attho.

Antovaṅkagato āsīti vaṅkaṃ vuccati diṭṭhigataṃ manovaṅkabhāvato, sabbepi vā kilesā, antoti pana hadayavaṅkassa anto, hadayabbhantaragatakilesavaṅko vā ahosīti attho. Macchova ghasamāmisanti āmisaṃ ghasanto khādanto maccho viya, gilabaḷiso maccho viyāti adhippāyo. Baddho mahindapāsena, vepacityasuro yathāti mahindassa sakkassa pāsena baddho yathā vepacitti asurindo aserivihārī mahādukkhappatto, evamahaṃ pubbe kilesapāsena baddho āsiṃ, aserivihārī mahādukkhappattoti adhippāyo.

Añchāmīti ākaḍḍhāmi. Nanti kilesapāsaṃ. Na muñcāmīti na mocemi. Asmā sokapariddavāti imasmā sokaparidevavaṭṭato. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathāpāsena baddho migo sūkaro vā mocanupāyaṃ ajānanto paripphandamāno taṃ āviñchanto bandhanaṃ daḷhaṃ karoti, evaṃ ahaṃ pubbe kilesapāsena paṭimukko mocanupāyaṃ ajānanto kāyasañcetanādivasena paripphandamāno taṃ na mocesiṃ, aññadatthu taṃ daḷhaṃ karonto sokādinā paraṃ kilesaṃ eva pāpuṇinti. Ko me bandhaṃ muñcaṃ loke, sambodhiṃ vedayissatīti imasmiṃ loke etaṃ kilesabandhanena bandhaṃ muñcanto sambujjhati etenāti ‘‘sambodhī’’ti laddhanāmaṃ vimokkhamaggaṃ ko me vedayissati ācikkhissatīti attho. ‘‘Bandhamuñca’’ntipi paṭhanti, bandhā, bandhassa vā mocakaṃ sambodhinti yojanā.

Ādisantanti desentaṃ. Pabhaṅgunanti pabhañjanaṃ kilesānaṃ viddhaṃsanaṃ , pabhaṅgunaṃ vā dhammappavattiṃ ādisantaṃ kathentaṃ jarāya maccuno ca pavāhanaṃ kassa dhammaṃ paṭicchāmi. ‘‘Paṭipajjāmī’’ti vā pāṭho, so evattho. Vicikicchākaṅkhāganthitanti ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhāna’’ntiādinayappavattāya (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) vicikicchāya āsappanaparisappanākāravuttiyā kaṅkhāya ca ganthitaṃ. Sārambhabalasaññutanti karaṇuttariyakaraṇalakkhaṇena balappattena sārambhena yuttaṃ. Kodhappattamanatthaddhanti sabbattha kodhena yuttamanasā thaddhabhāvaṃ gataṃ abhijappappadāraṇaṃ. Icchitālābhādivasena hi taṇhā sattānaṃ cittaṃ padālentī viya pavattati. Dūre ṭhitassāpi vijjhanupāyatāya taṇhāva dhanu samupatiṭṭhati uppajjati etasmāti taṇhādhanusamuṭṭhānaṃ, diṭṭhisallaṃ. Taṃ pana yasmā vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi, dasavatthukā micchādiṭṭhīti tiṃsappabhedaṃ, tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘dve ca pannarasāyuta’’nti, dvikkhattuṃ pannarasabhedavantanti attho. Passa orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ, bhetvāna yadi tiṭṭhatīti yaṃ urasambandhanīyatāya orasikaṃ bāḷhaṃ balavataraṃ bhetvāna hadayaṃ vinivijjhitvā tasmiṃyeva hadaye tiṭṭhati, taṃ passāti attānameva ālapati.

Anudiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānanti anudiṭṭhibhūtānaṃ sesadiṭṭhīnaṃ appahānakāraṇaṃ. Yāva hi sakkāyadiṭṭhi santānato na vigacchati, tāva sassatadiṭṭhiādīnaṃ appahānamevāti. Saṅkappaparatejitanti saṅkappena micchāvitakkena pare parajane nissayalakkhaṇaṃ patipatite tejitaṃ ussāhitaṃ. Tena viddho pavedhāmīti tena diṭṭhisallena yathā hadayaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati, evaṃ viddho pavedhāmi saṅkappāmi sassatucchedādivasena ito cito ca parivaṭṭāmi. Pattaṃvamāluteritanti mālutena vāyunā eritaṃ vaṇṭato muttaṃ dumapattaṃ viya.

Ajjhattaṃ me samuṭṭhāyāti yathā loke sallaṃ nāma bāhirato uṭṭhāya ajjhattaṃ nimmathetvā bādhati, na evamidaṃ. Idaṃ pana ajjhattaṃ me mama attabhāve samuṭṭhāya so attabhāvasaññito chaphassāyatanakāyo yathā khippaṃ sīghaṃ paccati, ḍayhati. Yathā kiṃ? Aggi viya sanissayaḍāhako taṃyeva māmakaṃ mama santakaṃ attabhāvaṃ ḍahanto yattha uppanno, tattheva sarati pavattati.

Taṃ na passāmi tekicchanti tādisāya tikicchāya niyuttatāya tekicchaṃ sallakattaṃ bhisakkaṃ taṃ na passāmi. Yo metaṃ sallamuddhareti yo bhisakko etaṃ diṭṭhisallaṃ kilesasallañca uddhareyya, uddharanto ca nānārajjena rajjusadisasaṅkhātāya esanisalākāya pavesetvāna satthena kantitvā nāññena mantāgadappayogena vicikicchitaṃ sallaṃ tikicchituṃ sakkāti āharitvā yojetabbaṃ. Vicikicchitanti, ca nidassanamattametaṃ. Sabbassapi kilesasallassa vasena attho veditabbo.

Asatthoti sattharahito. Avaṇoti vaṇena vinā. Abbhantarapassayanti abbhantarasaṅkhātaṃ hadayaṃ nissāya ṭhitaṃ. Ahiṃsanti apīḷento. ‘‘Ahiṃsā’’ti ca pāṭho, ahiṃsāya apīḷanenāti attho. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – ko nu kho kiñci satthaṃ aggahetvā vaṇañca akaronto tato eva sabbagattāni abādhento mama hadayabbhantaragataṃ pīḷājananato anto tudanato anto ruddhanato ca paramattheneva sallabhūtaṃ kilesasallaṃ uddharissatīti.

Evaṃ dasahi gāthāhi pubbe attanā cintitākāraṃ dassetvā punapi taṃ pakārantarena dassetuṃ ‘‘dhammappati hi so seṭṭho’’tiādimāha. Tattha dhammappatīti dhammanimittaṃ dhammahetu. Hīti nipātamattaṃ. So seṭṭhoti so puggalo uttamo. Visadosappavāhakoti yo mayhaṃ rāgādikilesassa pavāhako ucchinnako. Gambhīre patitassa me, thalaṃ pāṇiñca dassayeti ko nu kho atigambhīre saṃsāramahoghe patitassa mayhaṃ ‘‘mā bhāyī’’ti assāsento nibbānathalaṃ taṃsampāpakaṃ ariyamaggahatthañca dasseyya.

Rahadehamasmiogāḷhoti mahati saṃsārarahade ahamasmi sasīsaṃ nimujjanavasena otiṇṇo anupaviṭṭho. Ahāriyarajamattiketi apanetuṃ asakkuṇeyyo rāgādirajo mattikā kaddamo etassāti ahāriyarajamattiko, rahado. Tasmiṃ rahadasmiṃ. ‘‘Ahāriyarajamantike’’ti vā pāṭho, antike ṭhitarāgādīsu dunnīharaṇīyarāgādirajeti attho. Santadosapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇā māyā, parasampattiasahanalakkhaṇā usūyā, karaṇuttariyakaraṇalakkhaṇo sārambho, cittālasiyalakkhaṇaṃ thinaṃ, kāyālasiyalakkhaṇaṃ middhanti ime pāpadhammā patthaṭā yaṃ rahadaṃ, tasmiṃ māyāusūyasārambhathinamiddhamapatthaṭe, makāro cettha padasandhikaro vutto. Yathāvuttehi imehi pāpadhammehi patthaṭeti attho.

Uddhaccameghathanitaṃ, saṃyojanavalāhakanti vacanavipallāsena vuttaṃ, bhantasabhāvaṃ uddhaccaṃ meghathanitaṃ meghagajjitaṃ etesanti uddhaccameghathanitā. Dasavidhā saṃyojanā eva valāhakā etesanti saṃyojanavalāhakā. Vāhā mahāudakavāhasadisā rāganissitā micchāsaṅkappā asubhādīsu ṭhitā kuddiṭṭhiṃ maṃ vahanti apāyasamuddameva uddissa kaḍḍhantīti attho.

Savanti sabbadhi sotāti taṇhāsoto, diṭṭhisoto, mānasoto, avijjāsoto, kilesasototi ime pañcapisotā cakkhudvārādīnaṃ vasena sabbesu rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu savanato ‘‘rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā’’tiādinā (vibha. 204, 232) sabbabhāgehi vā savanato sabbadhi savanti. Latāti paliveṭhanaṭṭhena saṃsibbanaṭṭhena latā viyāti latā, taṇhā. Ubbhijja tiṭṭhatīti chahi dvārehi ubbhijjitvā rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu tiṭṭhati. Te soteti taṇhādike sote mama santāne sandante maggasetubandhanena ko purisaviseso nivāreyya, taṃ latanti taṇhālataṃ, maggasatthena ko checchati chindissati.

Velaṃ karothāti tesaṃ sotānaṃ velaṃ setuṃ karotha sannivāraṇaṃ. Bhaddanteti ālapanākāradassanaṃ. Mā te manomayo sototi udakasoto oḷāriko, tassa bālamahājanenapi setuṃ katvā nivāraṇaṃ sakkā. Ayaṃ pana manomayo soto sukhumo dunnivāraṇo. So yathā udakasoto vaḍḍhanto kūle ṭhitaṃ rukkhaṃ pātetvāva nāseti, evaṃ tumhe apāyatīre ṭhite tattha sahasā pātetvā apāyasamuddaṃ pāpento mā luve mā vināseyya mā anayabyasanaṃ pāpeyyāti attho.

Evaṃ ayaṃ thero purimattabhāve parimadditasaṅkhārattā ñāṇaparipākaṃ gatattā pavattidukkhaṃ upadhārento yathā vicikicchādike saṃkilesadhamme pariggaṇhi, tamākāraṃ dassetvā idāni jātasaṃvego kiṃkusalagavesī satthu santikaṃ gato yaṃ visesaṃ adhimucci, taṃ dassento ‘‘evaṃ me bhayajātassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha evaṃ me bhayajātassāti evaṃ vuttappakārena saṃsāre jātabhayassa apārā orimatīrato sappaṭibhayato saṃsāravaṭṭato ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho muñceyya’’nti pāraṃ nibbānaṃ, esato gavesato, tāṇo sadevakassa lokassa tāṇabhūto kilesasamucchedanī paññā āvudho etassāti paññāvudho. Diṭṭhadhammikādiatthena sattānaṃ yathārahaṃ anusāsanato satthā, isisaṅghena aggasāvakādiariyapuggalasamūhena nisevito payirupāsito isisaṅghanisevito, sopānanti desanāñāṇena suṭṭhu katattā abhisaṅkhatattā sukataṃ, upakkilesavirahitato suddhaṃ, saddhāpaññādisārabhūtaṃ dhammasāramayaṃ paṭipakkhehi acalanīyato daḷhaṃ, vipassanāsaṅkhātaṃ sopānaṃ mahoghena vuyhamānassa mayhaṃ satthā pādāsi, dadanto ca ‘‘iminā te sotthi bhavissatī’’ti samassāsento mā bhāyīti ca abravi, kathesi.

Satipaṭṭhānapāsādanti tena vipassanāsopānena kāyānupassanādinā laddhabbacatubbidhasāmaññaphalavisesena catubhūmisampannaṃ satipaṭṭhānapāsādaṃ āruhitvā paccavekkhisaṃ catusaccadhammaṃ maggañāṇena patiavekkhiṃ paṭivijjhiṃ. Yaṃ taṃ pubbe amaññissaṃ, sakkāyābhirataṃ pajanti evaṃ paṭividdhasacco yaṃ sakkāye ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti abhirataṃ pajaṃ titthiyajanaṃ tena parikappitaattānañca pubbe sārato amaññissaṃ. Yadā ca maggamaddakkhiṃ, nāvāya abhirūhananti ariyamagganāvāya abhiruhanūpāyabhūtaṃ yadā vipassanāmaggaṃ yāthāvato addakkhiṃ. Tato paṭṭhāya taṃ titthiyajanaṃ attānañca anadhiṭṭhāya citte aṭṭhapetvā aggahetvā titthaṃ nibbānasaṅkhātassa amatamahāpārassa titthabhūtaṃ ariyamaggadassanaṃ sabbehi maggehi sabbehi kusaladhammehi ukkaṭṭhaṃ addakkhiṃ, yāthāvato apassinti attho.

Evaṃ attano anuttaraṃ maggādhigamaṃ pakāsetvā idāni tassa desakaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ thomento ‘‘sallaṃ attasamuṭṭhāna’’ntiādimāha. Tattha sallanti diṭṭhimānādikilesasallaṃ. Attasamuṭṭhānanti ‘‘aha’’nti mānaṭṭhānatāya ‘‘attā’’ti ca laddhanāme attabhāve sambhūtaṃ. Bhavanettippabhāvitanti bhavataṇhāsamuṭṭhitaṃ bhavataṇhāsannissayaṃ. Sā hi diṭṭhimānādīnaṃ sambhavo. Etesaṃ appavattāyāti yathāvuttānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ appavattiyā anuppādāya. Desesi maggamuttamanti uttamaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, tadupāyañca vipassanāmaggaṃ kathesi.

Dīgharattānusayitanti anamatagge saṃsāre cirakālaṃ santāne anu anu sayitaṃ kāraṇalābhena uppajjanārahabhāvena thāmagataṃ, tato ca cirarattaṃ adhiṭṭhitaṃ santānaṃ ajjhāruyha ṭhitaṃ. Ganthanti abhijjhākāyaganthādiṃ mama santāne ganthabhūtaṃ kilesavisadosaṃ pavāhano buddho bhagavā attano desanānubhāvena apānudī parijahāpesi, ganthesu hi anavasesato pahīnesu appahīno nāma kileso natthīti.

Telakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Raṭṭhapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Passacittakatantiādikā āyasmato raṭṭhapālattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva haṃsavatīnagare gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vayappatto pitu accayena gharāvāse patiṭṭhito ratanakoṭṭhāgārakammikena dassitaṃ aparimāṇaṃ kulavaṃsānugataṃ dhanaṃ disvā ‘‘imaṃ ettakaṃ dhanarāsiṃ mayhaṃ pituayyakapayyakādayo attanā saddhiṃ gahetvā gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, mayā pana gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi. So abhiññālābhiṃ ekaṃ tāpasaṃ upaṭṭhahanto tena devalokādhipacce niyojito yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbattitvā dibbasampattiṃ anubhavanto tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto manussaloke bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthassa kulassa ekaputtako hutvā nibbatti.

Tena ca samayena padumuttaro bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko veneyyasatte nibbānamahānagarasaṅkhātaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi. Atha so kulaputto anukkamena viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ disvā pasannacitto parisapariyante nisīdi. Tena kho pana samayena satthā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Taṃ disvā so pasannamānaso tadatthāya cittaṃ ṭhapetvā satasahassabhikkhuparivutassa bhagavato mahatā sakkārena sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyena ijjhanabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘anāgate gotamassa nāma sammāsambuddhassa sāsane saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggo bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. So satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. So tattha yāvatāyukaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvenavute kappe phussassa bhagavato kāle satthu vemātikabhātikesu tīsu rājaputtesu satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahantesu tesaṃ puññakiriyāya kiccaṃ akāsi.

Evaṃ tattha tattha bhave taṃ taṃ bahuṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kururaṭṭhe thullakoṭṭhikanigame raṭṭhapālaseṭṭhino gehe nibbatti, tassa bhinnaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sandhāretuṃ samatthe kule nibbattattā raṭṭhapāloti vaṃsānugatameva nāmaṃ ahosi. So mahatā parivārena vaḍḍhanto anukkamena yobbanapatto mātāpitūhi patirūpena dārena saṃyojito mahante ca yase patiṭṭhāpito dibbasampattisadisaṃ sampattiṃ paccanubhoti. Atha bhagavā kururaṭṭhe janapadacārikaṃ caranto thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anupāpuṇi. Taṃ sutvā raṭṭhapālo kulaputto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitukāmo sattāhaṃ bhattacchedaṃ katvā kicchena kasirena mātāpitaro anujānāpetvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā satthu āṇattiyā aññatarassa therassa santike pabbajitvā yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karonto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.97-111) –

‘‘Padumuttarassa bhagavato, lokajeṭṭhassa tādino;

Varanāgo mayā dinno, īsādanto urūḷhavā.

‘‘Setacchatto pasobhito, sakappano sahatthipo;

Agghāpetvāna taṃ sabbaṃ, saṅghārāmaṃ akārayiṃ.

‘‘Catupaññāsasahassāni, pāsāde kārayiṃ ahaṃ;

Mahoghadānaṃ karitvāna, niyyādesiṃ mahesino.

‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;

Sabbe jane hāsayanto, desesi amataṃ padaṃ.

‘‘Taṃ me buddho viyākāsi, jalajuttaranāmako;

Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Catupaññāsasahassāni, pāsāde kārayī ayaṃ;

Kathayissāmi vipākaṃ, suṇotha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Aṭṭhārasasahassāni, kūṭāgārā bhavissare;

Byamhuttamamhi nibbattā, sabbasoṇṇamayā ca te.

‘‘Paññāsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Aṭṭhapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Devalokā cavitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Aḍḍhe kule mahābhoge, nibbattissati tāvade.

‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, sukkamūlena codito;

Raṭṭhapāloti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.

‘‘Padhānapahitatto so, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Uṭṭhāya abhinikkhamma, jahitā bhogasampadā;

Kheḷapiṇḍeva bhogamhi, pemaṃ mayhaṃ na vijjati.

‘‘Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso, vimokkhāpi ca aṭṭhime;

Chaḷabhiññā sacchikatā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā satthāraṃ anujānāpetvā mātāpitaro passituṃ thullakoṭṭhikaṃ gantvā, tattha sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caranto pitu nivesane ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ labhitvā taṃ amataṃ viya paribhuñjanto, pitarā nimantito svātanāya adhivāsetvā, dutiyadivase pitu nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatte itthāgārajane upagantvā ‘‘kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo, yāsaṃ tvaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carasī’’tiādīni (ma. ni. 2.301) vatvā, palobhanakammaṃ kātuṃ āraddhe tassa adhippāyaṃ parivattetvā aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ kathento –

769.

‘‘Passa cittakataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ;

Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti.

770.

‘‘Passa cittakataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;

Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthehi sobhati.

771.

‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

772.

‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

773.

‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

774.

‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, kandante migabandhake.

775.

‘‘Chinno pāso migavassa, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, socante migaluddake’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha cittakatanti cittaṃ kataṃ cittakataṃ, vatthābharaṇamālādīhi vicittaṃ katanti attho. Bimbanti dīghādibhāvena yuttaṭṭhānesu dīghādīhi aṅgapaccaṅgehi maṇḍitaṃ attabhāvaṃ. Arukāyanti navannaṃ vaṇamukhānaṃ lomakūpānañca vasena vissandamānaasuciṃ, sabbaso ca arubhūtaṃ vaṇabhūtaṃ arūnaṃ vā kāyaṃ. Samussitanti tīhi aṭṭhisatehi samussitaṃ. Āturanti sabbakālaṃ iriyāpathantarādīhi pariharitabbatāya niccaṃ gilānaṃ. Bahusaṅkappanti bālajanena abhūtaṃ āropetvā bahudhā saṅkappitabbaṃ. Yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhitīti yassa kāyassa dhuvabhāvo ṭhitisabhāvo natthi, ekaṃsato bhedanavikiraṇaviddhaṃsanadhammoyeva. Taṃ passāti samīpe ṭhitaṃ janaṃ, attānameva vā sandhāya vadati.

Rūpanti sarīraṃ. Sarīrampi hi ‘‘aṭṭhiñca paṭicca, nhāruñca paṭicca, maṃsañca paṭicca, cammañca paṭicca, ākāso parivārito ‘rūpantveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.306) rūpanti vuccati. Maṇinā kuṇḍalena cāti sīsūpagādiābharaṇagatena maṇinā kuṇḍalena cittakataṃ. Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhanti allacammena pariyonaddhaṃ atirekatisatapabhedaṃ aṭṭhiṃ passāti yojanā. Kuṇḍalena cāti ca-saddena sesābharaṇālaṅkāre saṅgaṇhāti. Saha vatthehi sobhatīti tayidaṃ rūpaṃ maṇinā cittakatampi vatthehi paṭicchāditameva sobhati, na apaṭicchāditanti attho. Ye pana ‘‘aṭṭhitacenā’’ti paṭhanti, tesaṃ aṭṭhitacenaṃ onaddhaṃ sobhati, onaddhattā aṭṭhitacenāti attho.

Alattakakatāti alattakena katarañjanā lākhāya saṃrañjitā. Pādāti caraṇā. Mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitanti mukhaṃ cuṇṇakena makkhitaṃ, yaṃ maṇḍanamanuyuttā sāsapakakkena mukhapīḷakādīni haritvā loṇamattikāya duṭṭhalohitaṃ haritvā mukhacuṇṇakavilepanaṃ karonti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Alanti bālassa andhaputhujjanassa noca pāragavesino vaṭṭābhiratassa mohāya sammohanāya samatthaṃ tassa cittaṃ mohetuṃ pariyattaṃ, pāragavesino pana vivaṭṭābhiratassa no alaṃ na pariyattaṃ.

Aṭṭhāpadakatāti aṭṭhapadākārena katā sañcitā purimabhāge kese kappetvā nalāṭassa paṭicchādanavasena katā kesaracanā aṭṭhapadaṃ nāma, yaṃ ‘‘alaka’’ntipi vuccati. Nettā añjanamakkhitāti ubhopi nayanāni anto dvīsu antesu ca yathā añjanacchāyā dissati, evaṃ añjitañjanāni.

Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkatoti yathā añjanī añjananāḷikā navā abhinavā mālākammamakaradantādivasena cittā bahi maṭṭhā ujjalā dassanīyā, anto pana na dassanīyā hoti, evameva tāsaṃ kāyo nhānabbhañjanavatthālaṅkārehi alaṅkato bahi ujjalo, anto pana pūti nānappakāraasucīhi bharito tiṭṭhatīti attho.

Odahīti oḍḍesi. Migavoti, migaluddako. Pāsanti, daṇḍavāguraṃ. Nāsadāti na saṅghaṭṭesi. Vāguranti pāsaṃ. Nivāpanti migānaṃ khādanatthāya khittaṃ tiṇādighāsaṃ. Upamā kho ayaṃ therena katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayañhettha attho – yathā migānaṃ māraṇatthāya daṇḍavāguraṃ oḍḍetvā tattha nivāpaṃ vikiriya migaluddake nilīne ṭhite tattheko javaparakkamasampanno cheko migo pāsaṃ aphusanto eva yathāsukhaṃ nivāpaṃ khāditvā, ‘‘vañcesi vata migo’’ti migaluddake viravante eva gacchati. Aparo migo balavā cheko javasampannova tattha gantvā nivāpaṃ khāditvā tattha tattha pāsaṃ chinditvā, ‘‘vañcesi vata migo, pāso chinno’’ti migaluddake socante eva gacchati, evaṃ mayampi pubbe puthujjanakāle mātāpitūhi āsajjanatthāya niyyādite bhoge bhuñjitvā tattha tattha asajjamānā nikkhantā. Idāni pana sabbaso chinnakilesā apāsā hutvā ṭhitā, tehi dinnabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā tesu socantesu eva gacchāmāti.

Evaṃ thero migaluddakaṃ viya mātāpitaro, hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ itthāgārañca vāgurajālaṃ viya, attanā pubbe bhuttabhoge ca idāni bhuttabhojanañca nivāpatiṇaṃ viya, attānaṃ mahāmigaṃ viya ca katvā dasseti. Imā gāthā vatvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño korabyassa migājinauyyāne maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi. Therassa kira pitā sattasu dvārakoṭṭhakesu aggaḷaṃ dāpetvā malle āṇāpesi ‘‘nikkhamituṃ mā detha, kāsāyāni apanetvā setakāni nivāsethā’’ti, tasmā thero ākāsena agamāsi. Atha rājā korabyo therassa tattha nisinnabhāvaṃ sutvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ‘‘idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, pabbajanto byādhipārijuññaṃ vā jarābhogañātipārijuññaṃ vā patto pabbajati. Tvaṃ pana kiñcipi pārijuññaṃ anupagato eva kasmā pabbajito’’ti pucchi. Athassa thero, ‘‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo, atāṇo loko anabhissaro, assako loko sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ, ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’’ti (ma. ni. 2.305) imesaṃ catunnaṃ dhammuddesānaṃ attānaṃ vivittabhāvaṃ kathetvā tassā desanāya anugītiṃ kathento –

776.

‘‘Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā;

Luddhā dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ karonti, bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti.

777.

‘‘Rājā pasayhappathaviṃ vijetvā, sasāgarantaṃ mahimāvasanto;

Oraṃ samuddassa atittarūpo, pāraṃ samuddassapi patthayetha.

778.

‘‘Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, avītataṇhā maraṇaṃ upenti;

Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṃ, kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti.

779.

‘‘Kandanti naṃ ñātī pakiriya kese, ‘aho vatā no amarā’ti cāhu;

Vatthena naṃ pārutaṃ nīharitvā, citaṃ samodhāya tato ḍahanti.

780.

‘‘So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno, ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge;

Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā, ñātī ca mittā atha vā sahāyā.

781.

‘‘Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṃ haranti, satto pana gacchati yenakammaṃ;

Na mīyamānaṃ dhanamanveti kiñci, puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṃ.

782.

‘‘Na dīghamāyuṃ labhate dhanena, na cāpi vittena jaraṃ vihanti;

Appaṃ hidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, asassataṃ vippariṇāmadhammaṃ.

783.

‘‘Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṃ, bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho;

Bālo hi bālyā vadhitova seti, dhīro ca no vedhati phassaphuṭṭho.

784.

‘‘Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati;

Abyositattā hi bhavābhavesu, pāpāni kammāni karoti mohā.

785.

‘‘Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, saṃsāramāpajja paramparāya;

Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto, upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ.

786.

‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo;

Evaṃ pajā pecca paramhi loke, sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo.

787.

‘‘Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā, virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ;

Ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā, tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja.

788.

‘‘Dumapphalānīva patanti māṇavā, daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā;

Etampi disvā pabbajitomhi rāja, apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo.

789.

‘‘Saddhāyāhaṃ pabbajito, upeto jinasāsane;

Avañjhā mayhaṃ pabbajjā, anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ.

790.

‘‘Kāme ādittato disvā, jātarūpāni satthato;

Gabbhavokkantito dukkhaṃ, nirayesu mahabbhayaṃ.

791.

‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadā;

Sohaṃ viddho tadā santo, sampatto āsavakkhayaṃ.

792.

‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.

793.

‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo’’ti. – imā gāthā avoca;

Tattha passāmi loketi ahaṃ, mahārāja, imasmiṃ loke sadhane dhanasampanne aḍḍhe manusse passāmi, te pana laddhāna vittaṃ dhanaṃ labhitvā bhogasampattiyaṃ ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇādīsu kassaci kiñcipi na dadanti. Kasmā? Mohā kammassakatāpaññāya abhāvato. Luddhā lobhābhibhūtā yathāladdhaṃ dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ sabbaso nicetabbaṃ nidhetabbaṃ karonti. Bhiyyova yathādhigatakāmato upari kāme kāmaguṇe ‘‘tathāhaṃ edise ca bhoge paṭilabheyya’’nti abhipatthayanti paccāsīsanti tajjañca vāyāmaṃ karonti.

Bhiyyo kāmapatthanāya udāharaṇaṃ dassento ‘‘rājā’’tiādimāha. Tattha pasayhappathaviṃ vijetvāti attano vaṃsānugataṃ pathaviṃ balakkārena abhivijiya. Āvasantoti pasāsento. Oraṃ samuddassāti anavasesaṃ samuddassa orabhāgaṃ labhitvāpi tena atittarūpo pāraṃ samuddassa dīpantarampi patthayeyya.

Avītataṇhāti avigatataṇhā. Ūnāvāti aparipuṇṇamanorathāva. Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi tittīti taṇhāvipannānaṃ imasmiṃ loke vatthukāmehi titti nāma natthi.

Kandanti nanti matapurisaṃ uddissa tassa guṇe kittentā kandanaṃ karonti. Aho vatā no amarāti cāhūti aho vata amhākaṃ ñātī amarā siyunti ca kathenti, gāthāsukhatthañhettha vatā-iti dīghaṃ katvā vuttaṃ.

So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamānoti so matasatto chavaḍāhakehi sammā jhāpetuṃ sūlehi tujjamāno. Tāṇāti parittāṇakarā.

Yenakammanti yathākammaṃ. Dhananti dhanāyitabbaṃ yaṃkiñci vatthu. Puna dhananti hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ sandhāya vadati.

‘‘Na dīghamāyu’’ntiādinā kāmaguṇassa jarāya ca paṭikārābhāvaṃ vatvā puna tassa ekantikabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘appaṃ hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Phusantīti aniṭṭhaphassaṃ phusanti pāpuṇanti, tattha aḍḍhadaliddatā akāraṇanti dasseti. Phassaṃ bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭhoti yathā bālo iṭṭhāniṭṭhasamphassaṃ phuṭṭho, tatheva dhīro iṭṭhāniṭṭhaphassaṃ phuṭṭho hoti, na ettha bālapaṇḍitānaṃ koci viseso. Ayaṃ pana viseso, bālo hi bālyā vadhitova setīti bālapuggalo kenaci dukkhadhammena phuṭṭho socanto kilamanto urattāḷiṃ kandanto bālabhāvena vadhito pīḷitova hutvā seti sayati. Ito cito ca āvaṭṭanto vivaṭṭanto virodhento vedhati phassaphuṭṭhoti dhīro pana paṇḍito dukkhasamphassena samphuṭṭho na vedhati kampanamattampi tassa na hotīti.

Tasmāti yasmā bālapaṇḍitānaṃ lokadhamme edisī pavatti, tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchatīti paññāva dhanato pāsaṃsatarā, yāya paññāya vosānaṃ bhavassa pariyosānabhūtaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchati. Abyositattā hīti anadhigataniṭṭhattā. Bhavābhavesūti mahantāmahantesu bhavesu.

Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, saṃsāramāpajja paramparāyāti yo pāpāni katvā aparāparaṃ saṃsaraṇamāpajjitvā upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ gabbhaseyyāya paralokuppattiyā ca na muccati, tassa pāpakammakārino puggalassa kiriyaṃ abhisaddahanto ‘‘attā ca me hotī’’ti pattiyāyanto aññopi appapañño bālo yathā paṭipajjitvā upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, na tato parimuccati.

Coro yathāti yathā coro pāpadhammo gharasandhiṃ chindanto sandhimukhe ārakkhakapurisehi gahito sakammunā tena attano sandhicchedakammunā kāraṇabhūtena kasādīhi tāḷanādivasena haññati rājapurisehi bādhiyyati bajjhati ca. Evaṃ pajāti evamayaṃ sattaloko idha pāpāni karitvā pecca patvā tena kammunā paramhi loke nirayādīsu haññati, pañcavidhabandhanakammakāraṇādivasena bādhiyyati.

Evametāhi ekādasahi gāthāhi yathārahaṃ cattāro dhammuddese pakāsetvā idāni kāmesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ disvā saddhāya attano pabbajitabhāvaṃ pabbajitakiccassa ca matthakappattiṃ vibhāvento ‘‘kāmā hī’’tiādimāha. Tattha kāmāti vatthukāmā manāpiyā rūpādayo dhammā, kilesakāmā sabbepi rāgappabhedā. Idha pana vatthukāmā veditabbā. Te hi rūpādivasena anekappakāratāya citrā. Lokassādavasena iṭṭhākāratāya madhurā. Bālaputhujjanānaṃ manaṃ ramentīti manoramā. Virūparūpenāti vividharūpena, anekavidhasabhāvenāti attho. Te hi rūpādivasena citrā, nīlādivasena vividharūpā. Evaṃ tena virūparūpena tathā tathā assādaṃ dassetvā mathenti cittaṃ pabbajjāya abhiramituṃ na dentīti iminā appassādabahudukkhatādinā ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā tasmā taṃnimittaṃ ahaṃ pabbajito amhi. Dumapphalāni pakkakāle aparipakkakāle ca yattha katthaci parūpakkamato sarasato vā patanti, evaṃ sattā daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrassa bhedā patantiyeva. Etampi disvāti evaṃ aniccatampi paññācakkhunā disvā, na kevalaṃ appassādatāditāya ādīnavamevāti adhippāyo. Apaṇṇakanti aviraddhanakaṃ sāmaññameva samaṇabhāvova seyyo uttaritaro.

Saddhāyāti kammaṃ kammaphalaṃ buddhasubuddhataṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca saddahitvā. Upetojinasāsaneti satthu sāsane sammāpaṭipattiṃ upagato. Avañjhā mayhaṃ pabbajjā arahattassa adhigatattā. Tato eva anaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ nikkilesavasena sāmibhāvato sāmiparibhogena paribhuñjanato.

Kāme ādittato disvāti vatthukāme kilesakāme ca ekādasahi aggīhi ādittabhāvato disvā. Jātarūpāni satthatoti katākatappabhedā sabbasuvaṇṇavikatiyo anatthāvahatāya nisitasatthato. Gabbhavokkantito dukkhanti gabbhavokkantito paṭṭhāya sabbasaṃsārapavattidukkhaṃ. Nirayesu mahabbhayanti saussadesu aṭṭhasu mahānirayesu labbhamānaṃ mahābhayañca sabbattha disvāti yojanā.

Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvāti etaṃ kāmānaṃ ādittatādiṃ saṃsāre ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ ñatvā. Saṃvegaṃ alabhiṃ tadāti tasmiṃ satthu santike dhammassa sutakāle bhavādike saṃvegaṃ alatthaṃ. Viddho tadā santoti tasmiṃ gahaṭṭhakāle rāgasallādīhi viddho samāno idāni satthu sāsanaṃ āgamma sampatto āsavakkhayaṃ, viddho vā cattāri saccāni, paṭividdhoti attho. Sesaṃ antarantarādīsu vuttattā suviññeyyameva.

Evaṃ thero rañño korabyassa dhammaṃ desetvā satthu santikameva gato. Satthā ca aparabhāge ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno theraṃ saddhāpabbajitānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesīti.

Raṭṭhapālattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Mālukyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Rūpaṃdisvā sati muṭṭhātiādikā āyasmato mālukyaputtassa gāthā. Imassa āyasmato vatthu heṭṭhā chakkanipāte (theragā. 399 ādayo) vuttameva. Tā pana gāthā therena arahatte patiṭṭhitena ñātīnaṃ dhammadesanāvasena bhāsitā. Idha pana puthujjanakāle ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’ti yācitena satthārā ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye te sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghāna…jivhā…kāya…manoviññeyyā dhammā aviññātā aviññātapubbā, na ca vijānāsi, na ca te hoti vijāneyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ettha ca te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ, mute mutamattaṃ, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati. Yato kho te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ, sute sutamattaṃ, mute mutamattaṃ, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tattha. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tattha, tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena, esevanto dukkhassā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.95). Saṃkhittena dhamme desite tassa dhammassa sādhukaṃ uggahitabhāvaṃ pakāsentena –

794.

‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

795.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

796.

‘‘Saddaṃ sutvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

797.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā saddasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

798.

‘‘Gandhaṃ ghatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

799.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā gandhasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

800.

‘‘Rasaṃ bhotvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

801.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rasasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

802.

‘‘Phassaṃ phussa sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

803.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā phassasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

804.

‘‘Dhammaṃ ñatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

805.

‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā dhammasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evamācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati.

806.

‘‘Na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpaṃ disvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

807.

‘‘Yathāssa passato rūpaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

808.

‘‘Na so rajjati saddesu, saddaṃ sutvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

809.

‘‘Yathāssa suṇato saddaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

810.

‘‘Na so rajjati gandhesu, gandhaṃ ghatvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

811.

‘‘Yathāssa ghāyato gandhaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

812.

‘‘Na so rajjati rasesu, rasaṃ bhotvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

813.

‘‘Yathāssa sāyato rasaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

814.

‘‘Na so rajjati phassesu, phassaṃ phussa paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

815.

‘‘Yathāssa phusato phassaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccati.

816.

‘‘Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

817.

‘‘Yathāssa vijānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha rūpaṃ disvāti cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ cakkhudvārena upalabhitvā. Sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karototi tasmiṃ rūpe diṭṭhamatte eva aṭṭhatvā subhanimittaṃ manasi karoto subhākāraggahaṇavasena ayoniso manasi karoto sati muṭṭhā hoti. Tathā ca sati sārattacitto vedeti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ ratto, giddho, gadhito hutvā anubhavati, assādeti, abhinandati. Tathābhūto ca tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatīti tañca rūpārammaṇaṃ ajjhosāya ‘‘sukhaṃ sukha’’nti abhinivissa gilitvā pariniṭṭhāpetvā tiṭṭhati.

Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavāti tassa evarūpassa puggalassa rūpasambhavā rūpārammaṇā sukhādibhedena anekā vedanā kilesuppattihetubhūtā vaḍḍhanti. Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññatīti piyarūpe sārajjanavasena uppajjamānāya abhijjhāya, apiyarūpe byāpajjanavasena piyarūpasseva vipariṇāmaññathābhāvāya uppajjamānāya sokādilakkhaṇāya vihesāya ca assa puggalassa cittaṃ upahaññati bādhīyati. Evamācinato dukkhanti vuttākārena taṃ taṃ vedanassādavasena bhavābhisaṅkhāraṃ ācinato vaṭṭadukkhaṃ pavattati. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘vedanāpaccayā taṇhā…pe… dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti (vibha. 225; saṃ. ni. 2.1). Tathābhūtassa ārā ārakā dūre nibbānaṃ vuccati, tassa taṃ dullabhanti attho. Saddaṃ sutvātiādigāthāsupi vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Tattha ghatvāti ghāyitvā. Bhotvāti sāyitvā. Phussāti phusitvā. Dhammaṃ ñatvāti dhammārammaṇaṃ vijānitvā.

Evaṃ chadvāragocare sārajjantassa vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni tattha virajjantassa vivaṭṭaṃ dassento ‘‘na so rajjati rūpesū’’tiādimāha. Tattha na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpaṃ disvā paṭissatoti yo puggalo rūpaṃ disvā āpāthagataṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhudvārikena viññāṇasantānena gahetvā catusampajaññavasena sampajānakāritāya paṭissato hoti, so rūpārammaṇesu na rajjati rāgaṃ na janeti, aññadatthu virattacitto vedeti, rūpārammaṇamhi samudayādito yathābhūtaṃ pajānanto nibbindati, nibbindanto taṃ tatthuppannavedanañca virattacitto vedeti, tathābhūto ca tañca najjhosa tiṭṭhatīti taṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ sammadeva virattacittatāya ajjhosāya na tiṭṭhati ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’ti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhivasena nābhinivisati.

Yathāssa passato rūpanti assa yogino yathā tattha abhijjhādayo nappavattanti, evaṃ aniccādito rūpaṃ passantassa. Sevato cāpi vedananti taṃ ārabbha uppannaṃ vedanaṃ taṃsampayuttadhamme ca gocarasevanāya sevato cāpi. Khīyatīti sabbaṃ kilesavaṭṭaṃ parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gacchati. Nopacīyatīti na upaciyati na ācayaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ so caratī satoti evaṃ kilesāpanayanapaṭipattiyā sato sampajāno hutvā carati, viharati. Evaṃ apacinato dukkhanti vuttanayena apacayagāminiyā maggapaññāya sakalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ apacinantassa. Santike nibbāna vuccatīti saupādisesaanupādisesanibbānadhātusamīpe evāti vuccati asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā sacchikatattā. Na so rajjati saddesūtiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo.

Evaṃ thero imāhi gāthāhi satthu ovādassa attanā upadhāritabhāvaṃ pavedetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā satthāraṃ vanditvā gato nacirasseva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti.

Mālukyaputtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Selattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Paripuṇṇakāyotiādikā āyasmato selattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarabhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto gaṇapāmokkho hutvā tīṇi purisasatāni samādapetvā tehi saddhiṃ satthu gandhakuṭiṃ kāretvā katapariyositāya gandhakuṭiyā sabhikkhusaṅghassa bhagavato mahādānaṃ pavattetvā satthāraṃ bhikkhū ca ticīvarena acchādesi. So tena puññakammena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devaloke eva vasitvā tato cuto devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde aṅguttarāpesu āpaṇe nāma brāhmaṇagāme brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā seloti laddhanāmo ahosi. So vayappatto tīsu vedesu, brāhmaṇasippesu ca nipphattiṃ gantvā tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vācento āpaṇe paṭivasati. Tena ca samayena satthā sāvatthito nikkhamitvā aḍḍhateḷasahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ aṅguttarāpesu cārikaṃ caranto selassa, antevāsikānañca ñāṇaparipākaṃ disvā aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati. Atha keṇiyo nāma jaṭilo satthu āgamanaṃ sutvā tattha gantvā saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena satthāraṃ svātanāya nimantetvā sake assame pahūtaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādeti. Tasmiñca samaye selo brāhmaṇo saddhiṃ tīhi māṇavakasatehi jaṅghāvihāraṃ anuvicaranto keṇiyassa assamaṃ pavisitvā jaṭile kaṭṭhaphālanuddhanasampādanādinā dānūpakaraṇaṃ sajjente disvā, ‘‘kiṃ nu kho te, keṇiya, mahāyañño paccupaṭṭhito’’tiādiṃ pucchitvā tena ‘‘buddho bhagavā mayā svātanāya nimantito’’ti vutte ‘‘buddho’’ti vacanaṃ sutvāva haṭṭho udaggo pītisomanassajāto tāvadeva māṇavakehi saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā katapaṭisanthāro ekamantaṃ nisinno bhagavato kāye bāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni disvā ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato rājā vā hoti cakkavattī, buddho vā loke vivaṭṭacchado, ayaṃ pana pabbajito, no ca kho naṃ jānāmi ‘buddho vā, no vā’, sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā , te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī’ti asammāsambuddho hi sammukhe ṭhatvā buddhaguṇehi abhitthavīyamāno sārajjati maṅkubhāvaṃ āpajjati avesārajjappattatāya ananuyogakkhamattā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti evaṃ pana cintetvā –

818.

‘‘Paripuṇṇakāyo suruci, sujāto cārudassano;

Suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā, susukkadāṭhosi vīriyavā.

819.

‘‘Narassa hi sujātassa, ye bhavanti viyañjanā;

Sabbe te tava kāyasmiṃ, mahāpurisalakkhaṇā.

820.

‘‘Pasannanetto sumukho, brahā uju patāpavā;

Majjhe samaṇasaṅghassa, ādiccova virocasi.

821.

‘‘Kalyāṇadassano bhikkhu, kañcanasannibhattaco;

Kiṃ te samaṇabhāvena, evaṃ uttamavaṇṇino.

822.

‘‘Rājā arahasi bhavituṃ, cakkavattī rathesabho;

Cāturanto vijitāvī, jambusaṇḍassa issaro.

823.

‘‘Khattiyā bhogī rājāno, anuyantā bhavanti te;

Rājābhirājā manujindo, rajjaṃ kārehi gotamā’’ti. –

Chahi gāthāhi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavi.

Tattha paripuṇṇakāyoti abhibyattarūpānaṃ dvattiṃsāya mahāpurisalakkhaṇānaṃ paripuṇṇatāya ahīnaṅgapaccaṅgatāya ca paripuṇṇasarīro. Surucīti sundarasarīrappabho. Sujātoti ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā, saṇṭhānasampattiyā ca sunibbatto. Cārudassanoti sucirampi passantānaṃ atittijanakaṃ appaṭikkūlaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ cāru eva dassanaṃ assāti cārudassano. Keci panāhu ‘‘cārudassanoti sundaranetto’’ti. Suvaṇṇavaṇṇoti suvaṇṇasadisavaṇṇo. Asīti bhavasi, idaṃ padaṃ ‘‘paripuṇṇakāyo asī’’tiādinā sabbapadehi yojetabbaṃ. Susukkadāṭhoti suṭṭhu sukkadāṭho. Bhagavato hi dāṭhāhi candakiraṇā viya dhavalarasmiyo niccharanti. Vīriyavāti vīriyapāramīpāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānato catubbidhassa sammappadhānassa sampattiyā ca atisayayutto.

Narassa hi sujātassāti samatiṃsāya pāramīnaṃ, ariyassa vā cakkavattīvattassa paripūritattā suṭṭhu sammadeva jātassa narassa, mahāpurisassāti attho. Sabbe teti ye mahāpurisabhāvaṃ loke aggapuggalabhāvaṃ byañjayantīti byañjanāti laddhavohārasuppatiṭṭhitapādatādibāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇasaṅkhātā tambanakhatuṅganakhatādiasītianubyañjanasaṅkhātā ca rūpaguṇā, te anavasesā, tava kāyasmiṃ santīti vacanaseso.

Mahāpurisalakkhaṇāti pubbe vuttabyañjanāneva vacanantarena nigamento āha.

Idāni tesu lakkhaṇesu attanā abhirucitehi lakkhaṇehi bhagavantaṃ thomento ‘‘pasannanetto’’tiādimāha. Bhagavā hi pañca vaṇṇapasādasampattiyā pasannanetto. Paripuṇṇacandamaṇḍalasadisamukhatāya sumukho. Ārohapariṇāhasampattiyā brahā. Brahmujugattatāya uju. Jutimantatāya patāpavā.

Idāni tameva patāpavantataṃ ādiccūpamāya vibhāvento ‘‘majjhe samaṇasaṅghassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha ādiccova virocasīti yathā ādicco uggacchanto sabbaṃ tamagataṃ vidhametvā ālokaṃ karonto virocati, evaṃ tvampi anto ceva bahi ca sabbaṃ avijjātamaṃ viddhaṃsetvā ñāṇālokaṃ karonto virocasi.

Dassanīyarūpatāya aṅgīgatānaṃ dassanasampattīnaṃ āvahanato, kalyāṇehi pañcahi dassanehi samannāgatattā ca kalyāṇadassano. Uttamavaṇṇinoti uttamavaṇṇasampannassa.

Cakkavattīti cakkaratanaṃ vatteti, catūhi sampatticakkehi vatteti, tehi ca pare vatteti. Parahitāya iriyāpathacakkānaṃ vatto etasmiṃ atthīti cakkavattī. Atha vā catūhi acchariyadhammehi ca saṅgahavatthūhi ca samannāgamena parehi anabhibhavanīyassa āṇācakkassa vatto etasmiṃ atthītipi cakkavattī. Rathesabhoti rathikesu ājānīyausabhapuriso, mahārathikoti attho. Cāturantoti catusamuddantāya pathaviyā issaro. Vijitāvīti vijitavijayo. Jambusaṇḍassāti jambudīpassa, pākaṭena hi issariyāni dassento evamāha. Cakkavattī pana saparittadīpānaṃ catunnampi mahādīpānaṃ issarova.

Khattiyāti jātikhattiyā. Bhogīti bhogiyā. Rājānoti ye keci rajjaṃ kārentā. Anuyantāti anugāmino sevakā. Rājābhirājāti rājūnaṃ pūjanīyo rājā hutvā, cakkavattīti adhippāyo. Manujindoti manussādhipati, manussānaṃ paramissaroti attho.

Evaṃ selena vutte bhagavā ‘‘ye te bhavanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, te sake vaṇṇe bhaññamāne attānaṃ pātukarontī’’ti imaṃ selassa manorathaṃ pūrento –

824.

‘‘Rājāhamasmi sela, (selāti bhagavā) dhammarājā anuttaro;

Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, cakkaṃ appaṭivattiya’’nti. – imaṃ gāthamāha;

Tatrāyaṃ adhippāyo – yaṃ maṃ tvaṃ, sela, yācasi, ‘‘rājā arahasi bhavituṃ cakkavattī’’ti, ettha appossukko hohi, rājāhamasmi, sati ca rājatte yathā añño rājā samānopi yojanasataṃ vā anusāsati, dve tīṇi cattāri pañca yojanasatāni vā yojanasahassaṃ vā cakkavattī hutvāpi catudīpapariyantamattaṃ vā, nāhamevaṃ paricchinnavisayo. Ahañhi dhammarājā anuttaro bhavaggato avīcipariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimeyyalokadhātuyo anusāsāmi. Yāvatā hi apadādibhedā sattā, ahaṃ tesaṃ aggo. Na hi me koci sīlena vā…pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanena vā sadiso natthi, kuto bhiyyo. Svāhaṃ evaṃ dhammarājā anuttaro, anuttareneva catusatipaṭṭhānādibhedabodhipakkhiyasaṅkhātena dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, ‘‘idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’’tiādinā āṇācakkaṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasacca’’ntiādinā (mahāva. 14; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) pariyattidhammena dhammacakkameva vā. Cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyanti yaṃ cakkaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ hoti samaṇena vā…pe… kenaci vā lokasminti.

Evaṃ attānamāvikarontaṃ bhagavantaṃ disvā pītisomanassajāto selo puna daḷhīkaraṇatthaṃ –

825.

‘‘Sambuddho paṭijānāsi, (iti selo brāhmaṇo) dhammarājā anuttaro;

Dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi, iti bhāsatha gotama.

826.

‘‘Ko nu senāpati bhoto, sāvako satthuranvayo;

Ko tetamanuvatteti, dhammacakkaṃ pavattita’’nti. – gāthādvayamāha;

Tattha ko nu senāpatīti dhammarañño bhoto dhammena pavattitassa cakkassa anupavattanako senāpati ko nūti pucchi.

Tena ca samayena bhagavato dakkhiṇapasse āyasmā sāriputto nisinno hoti, suvaṇṇapuñjo viya siriyā sobhamāno. Taṃ dassento bhagavā –

827.

‘‘Mayā pavattitaṃ cakkaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) dhammacakkaṃ anuttaraṃ;

Sāriputto anuvatteti, anujāto tathāgata’’nti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha anujāto tathāgatanti, tathāgataṃ anujāto, tathā gatena hetunā ariyāya jātiyā jātoti attho.

Evaṃ ‘‘ko nu senāpati bhoto’’ti selena vuttapañhaṃ byākaritvā yaṃ selo āha ‘‘sambuddho paṭijānāsī’’ti tattha naṃ nikkaṅkhaṃ kātukāmo ‘‘nāhaṃ paṭiññāmatteneva paṭijānāmi, api cāhaṃ iminā kāraṇena buddho’’ti ñāpetuṃ –

828.

‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha abhiññeyyanti cattāri saccāni cattāri ariyasaccāni. Catunnañhi saccānaṃ ariyasaccānañca sāmaññaggahaṇametaṃ yadidaṃ abhiññeyyanti. Tattha ariyasaccesu yaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maggasaccaṃ, yañca pahātabbaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, tadubhayaggahaṇena tesaṃ phalabhūtāni nirodhasaccadukkhasaccānipi gahitāneva honti hetuggahaṇeneva phalasiddhito. Tena tattha ‘‘sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikataṃ, pariññeyyaṃ pariññāta’’nti idampi vuttameva hoti. ‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññāta’’nti vā iminā ca sabbassapi ñeyyassa abhiññātasambuddhabhāvaṃ uddesavasena pakāsetvā tadekadesaṃ niddesavasena dassento ‘‘bhāvetabbañca bhāvita’’ntiādimāha. Atha vā ‘‘bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvitaṃ, pahātabbaṃ pahīna’’nti iminā attano ñāṇapahānasampadākittanamukhena taṃmūlakattā sabbepi buddhaguṇā kittitā hontīti āha ‘‘tasmā buddhosmi, brāhmaṇā’’ti. Abhiññeyyaabhiññātaggahaṇena hi sabbaso vijjāvimuttīnaṃ gahitattā saphalaṃ catusaccabhāvaṃ saddhiṃ hetusampattiyā dassento bujjhitabbaṃ sabbaṃ bujjhitvā buddho jātosmīti ñāyena hetunā attano buddhabhāvaṃ vibhāveti.

Evaṃ nippariyāyena attānaṃ pātukaritvā attani kaṅkhāvitaraṇatthaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ussāhento –

829.

‘‘Vinayassu mayi kaṅkhaṃ, adhimuccassu brāhmaṇa;

Dullabhaṃ dassanaṃ hoti, sambuddhānaṃ abhiṇhaso.

830.

‘‘Yesaṃ ve dullabho loke, pātubhāvo abhiṇhaso;

Sohaṃ brāhmaṇa buddhosmi, sallakatto anuttaro.

831.

‘‘Brahmabhūto atitulo, mārasenappamaddano;

Sabbāmitte vase katvā, modāmi akutobhayo’’ti. – gāthattayamāha;

Tattha vinayassūti vinehi chinda. Kaṅkhanti vicikicchaṃ. Adhimuccassūti adhimokkhaṃ kara ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’ti saddaha. Dullabhaṃ dassanaṃ hoti, sambuddhānanti yato kappānaṃ asaṅkhyeyyampi buddhasuñño loko hoti. Sallakattoti, rāgādisallakattano. Brahmabhūtoti seṭṭhabhūto. Atituloti tulaṃ atīto, nirupamoti attho. Mārasenappamaddanoti ‘‘kāmā te paṭhamā senā’’ti (su. ni. 438; mahāni. 28; cūḷani. nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa 47) evaṃ āgatāya mārasenāya pamaddano. Sabbāmitteti khandhakilesābhisaṅkhāramaccudevaputtamārasaṅkhāte sabbapaccatthike . Vase katvāti attano vase katvā. Modāmi akutobhayoti kutoci nibbhayo samādhisukhena, phalanibbānasukhena ca modāmi.

Evaṃ vutte selo brāhmaṇo tāvadeva bhagavati sañjātapasādo pabbajjāpekkho hutvā –

832.

‘‘Idaṃ bhonto nisāmetha, yathā bhāsati cakkhumā;

Sallakatto mahāvīro, sīhova nadatī vane.

833.

‘‘Brahmabhūtaṃ atitulaṃ, mārasenappamaddanaṃ;

Ko disvā nappasīdeyya, api kaṇhābhijātiko.

834.

‘‘Yo maṃ icchati anvetu, yo vā nicchati gacchatu;

Idhāhaṃ pabbajissāmi, varapaññassa santike’’ti. –

Gāthattayamāha. Yathā taṃ paripākagatāya upanissayasampattiyā codiyamāno.

Tattha kaṇhābhijātikoti, nīcajātiko, tamotamaparāyaṇabhāve ṭhito.

Tato tepi māṇavakā hetusampannatāya tattheva pabbajjāpekkhā hutvā –

835.

‘‘Etaṃ ce ruccati bhoto, sammāsambuddhasāsanaṃ;

Mayampi pabbajissāma, varapaññassa santike’’ti. –

Gāthamāhaṃsu, yathā taṃ tena saddhiṃ katādhikārā kulaputtā.

Atha selo tesu māṇavakesu tuṭṭhacitto te dassento pabbajjañca yācamāno –

836.

‘‘Brāhmaṇā tisatā ime, yācanti pañjalīkatā;

Brahmacariyaṃ carissāma, bhagavā tava santike’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tato bhagavā yasmā selo heṭṭhā vuttanayena padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle tesaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ purisasatānaṃ gaṇajeṭṭho hutvā ropitakusalamūlo, idāni pacchimabhavepi tesaṃyeva ācariyo hutvā nibbatto, ñāṇañcassa tesañca paripakkaṃ, ehibhikkhubhāvassa ca upanissayo atthi, tasmā te sabbeva ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajjāya pabbājento –

837.

‘‘Svākhātaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, (selāti bhagavā) sandiṭṭhikamakālikaṃ;

Yattha amoghā pabbajjā, appamattassa sikkhato’’ti. – gāthamāha;

Tattha sandiṭṭhikanti paccakkhaṃ. Akālikanti maggānantaraphaluppattito na kālantare pattabbaphalaṃ. Yatthāti yaṃnimittā . Maggabrahmacariyanimittā hi pabbajjā amoghā anipphalā, yatthāti vā yasmiṃ sāsane appamattassa sativippavāsarahitassa tīsu sikkhāsu sikkhato.

Evañca vatvā ‘‘etha, bhikkhavo’’ti bhagavā avoca. Tāvadeva te sabbe iddhimayapattacīvaradharā hutvā saṭṭhivassikattherā viya bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā parivāresuṃ. So evaṃ pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sattame divase sapariso arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.208-303) –

‘‘Nagare haṃsavatiyā, vīthisāmī ahosahaṃ;

Mama ñātī samānetvā, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.

‘‘Buddho loke samuppanno, puññakkhetto anuttaro;

Āsi so sabbalokassa, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho.

‘‘Khattiyā negamā ceva, mahāsālā ca brāhmaṇā;