2. Bhavatikriyāpadamālāvibhāga

August 1, 2020March 16, 2021 Dhamma Paññā 169 Views Byākaraṇa gantha-saṅgaho trong Añña

2. Bhavatikriyāpadamālāvibhāga

Ito paraṃ pavakkhāmi, sotūnaṃ mativaḍḍhanaṃ;

Kriyāpadakkamaṃ nāma, vibhattādīni dīpayaṃ.

Tatra ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattasūcikā tyādayo vibhattiyo, tā aṭṭhavidhā vattamānāpañcamīsattamīparokkhāhiyyattanajjatanībhavissantī kālātipattivasena.

Tatthati anti, si tha, mi ma, te ante, se vhe, e mhe iccetā vattamānāvibhattiyo nāma.

Tu antu, hi tha, mi ma, taṃ antaṃ, su vho, e āmase iccetā pañcamīvibhattiyo nāma.

Eyya eyyuṃ, eyyāsi eyyātha, eyyāmi eyyāma, etha eraṃ, etho eyyāvho, eyyaṃ eyyāmhe iccetā sattamīvibhattiyo nāma.

A u, e ttha, aṃ mha, ttha re, ttho vho, iṃ mhe iccetā parokkhāvibhattiyo nāma.

Ā ū, o ttha, aṃ mhā, ttha tthuṃ, se vhaṃ, iṃ mhase iccetā hiyyattanīvibhattiyo nāma.

Ī uṃ, o ttha, iṃ mhā, ā ū, se vhaṃ, aṃ mhe iccetā ajjatanīvibhattiyo nāma.

Ssati ssanti, ssasi ssatha, ssāmi ssāma, ssate ssante, ssase ssavhe, ssaṃ ssāmhe iccetā bhavissantīvibhattiyo nāma.

Ssā ssaṃsu, sse ssatha, ssaṃ ssāmhā, ssatha ssisu, ssase ssavhe, ssiṃ ssāmhase iccetā kālātipattivibhattiyo nāma.

Sabbāsametāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbakāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadāni nāma. Yāni yāni pana parāni cha padāni, tāni tāni attanopadāni nāma. Tattha parassapadāni vattamānā cha, pañcamiyo cha, sattamiyo cha, parokkhā cha, hiyyattaniyo cha, ajjataniyo cha, bhavissantiyo cha, kālātipattiyo chāti aṭṭhacattālīsavidhāni honti, tathā itarāni, sabbāni tāni piṇḍitāni channavutividhāni.

Parassapadānamattanopadānañca dve dve padāni paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā nāma. Te vattamānādīsu cattāro cattāro, aṭṭhannaṃ vibhattīnaṃ vasena dvattiṃsa, piṇḍitāni parimāṇāneva.

Dvīsu dvīsu padesu paṭhamaṃ paṭhamaṃ ekavacanaṃ, dutiyaṃ dutiyaṃ bahuvacanaṃ.

Tatra vattamānavibhattīnanti anti, si tha, mi ma iccetāni parassapadāni. Te ante, se vhe, e mhe iccetāni attanopadāni. Parassapadattanopadesupiti anti iti paṭhamapurisā, sitha iti majjhimapurisā, mi ma iti uttamapurisā, te ante iti paṭhamapurisā, se vhe iti majjhimapurisā, e mhe iti uttamapurisā.

Paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisesupi ti-iti ekavacanaṃ, anti-iti bahuvacananti evaṃ ekavacanabahuvacanāni kamato ñeyyāni. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu parassapadattanopadapaṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisekavacanabahuvacanāni ñeyyāni.

Tattha vibhattīti kenaṭṭhena vibhatti? Kālādivasena dhātvatthaṃ vibhajatīti vibhatti, syādīhi nāmikavibhattīhi saha sabbasaṅgāhakavasena pana sakatthaparatthādibhede atthe vibhajatīti vibhatti, kammādayo vā kārake ekavacanabahuvacanavasena vibhajatīti vibhatti, vibhajitabbā ñāṇenātipi vibhatti, vibhajanti atthe etāyātipi vibhatti, atha vā satipi jinasāsane avibhattikaniddese sabbena sabbaṃ vibhattīhi vinā atthassā’niddisitabbato visesena vividhena vā ākārena bhajanti sevanti naṃ paṇḍitātipi vibhatti. Tattha avibhattikaniddesalakkhaṇaṃ vadāma saha payoganidassanādīhi.

Avibhattikaniddeso, nāmikesupalabbhati;

Nākhyātesūti viññeyya-midamettha nidassanaṃ.

Nigrodhova mahārukkho, thera vādānamuttamo;

Anūnaṃ anadhikañca, kevalaṃ jinasāsanaṃ.

Tatra thera-iti avibhattiko niddeso, therānaṃ ayanti thero. Ko so? Vādo. Theravādo aññesaṃ vādānaṃ uttamoti ayamattho veditabbo.

‘‘Kāyo te sabba sovaṇṇo’’, iccādimhipi nāmike;

Avibhattikaniddeso, gahetabbo nayaññunā.

Avibhattikaniddeso, nanvākhyātepi dissati;

‘‘Bho khāda piva’’iccatra, vade yo koci codako.

Yadi evaṃ matenassa, bhaveyya avibhattikaṃ;

‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, padampi, na hidaṃ tathā.

‘‘Bhikkhu, bho purisi’’ccādi, si ga lopena vuccati;

Tathā ‘‘khādā’’tiādīni, hi lopena pavuccare.

Evaṃ avibhattikaniddeso ākhyātesu na labbhati, nāmesuyeva labbhati. Tatrāpi ‘‘aṭṭha ca puggala dhammadasā te’’ti ettha chandavasena puggala iti rassakaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, na ‘‘kakusandha koṇāgamano ca kassapo’’ti ettha kakusandha iti avibhattikaniddeso viya avibhattikaniddeso daṭṭhabbo. ‘‘Bhikkhu nisinne mātugāmo upanisinno vā hoti upanipanno vā’’ti ettha pana bhikkhūti idaṃ bhikkhumhīti vattabbatthattā bhumme paccattantipi adiṭṭhavibhattikaniddesotipi vattuṃ yujjati. Tattha pana chandavasena katarassattā tāni padāni avibhattikaniddesapakkhampi bhajantīti vattuṃ na yujjati.

Tattha parassapadānīti parassa atthabhūtāni padāni parassapadāni. Etthuttamapurisesu attano atthesupi attanopadavohāro na kariyati.

Kiñcāpi attano atthā, purisā uttamavhayā;

Tathāpi itaresāna-mussannattāva tabbasā;

Tabbohāro imesānaṃ, porāṇehi niropito.

Attanopadānīti attano atthabhūtāni padāni attanopadāni. Ettha pana paṭhamamajjhimapurisesu parassatthesupi parassapadavohāro na kariyati.

Paṭhamamajjhimā cete, parassatthā tathāpi ca;

Itaresaṃ nirūḷhattā, tabbohārassa saccato.

Imassa panimesānaṃ, pubbavohāratāya ca;

Tathā saṅkaradosassa, haraṇatthāya so ayaṃ;

Attanopadavohāro, esamāropito dhuvaṃ.

Parassapadasaññādi-saññāyo bahukā idha;

Porāṇehi katattātā, saññā porāṇikā matā.

Tasmā idha paṭhamapurisādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ purisānaṃ vacanatthaṃ na pariyesāma. Rūḷhiyā hi porāṇehi tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā vihitā.

Ekavacanabahuvacanesu pana ekassatthassa vacanaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Bahūnamatthānaṃ vacanaṃ bahuvacanaṃ. Atha vā bahuttepi sati samudāyavasena jātivasena vā cittena sampiṇḍetvā ekīkatassatthassa ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, bahutte nissitassa nissayavohārena vuttassa nissayavasena ekassa viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanaṃ viya vacanampi ekavacanaṃ. Abahuttepi sati attagarukārāparicchedamātikānusandhinayapucchāsabhāgaputhucitta- samāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena ekatthassa bahūnaṃ viya vacanaṃ bahuvacanaṃ, tathā ye ye bahavo tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekassatthassa rūḷhīvasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ, ekassatthassa ārammaṇabhedakiccabhedavasena bahūnaṃ viya vacanampi bahuvacanaṃ. Evamimehi ākārehi ekamhi vattabbe, ekamhi viya ca vattabbe ekavacanaṃ, bahumhi vattabbe, bahumhi viya ca vattabbe bahuvacanaṃ hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Puthuvacanaṃ, anekavacananti ca imasseva nāmaṃ.

Vacanesu ayaṃ attho, nāmākhyātavibhattinaṃ;

Vasena adhigantabbo, sāsanatthagavesinā.

Tasmā tadatthaviññāpanatthaṃ idha nāmikapayogehi sahevākhyātapayoge pavakkhāma – ‘‘rājā āgacchati, sahāyo me āgacchati, ekaṃ citta’’ miccevamādayo ekassatthassa ekavacanapayogā. ‘‘Rājāno āgacchanti, sahāyā me āgacchanti, na me dessā ubho puttā, dve tīṇi’’ iccevamādayo bavhatthānaṃ bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Sā senā mahatī āsi, bahujjano pasannosi, sabbo taṃ jano ojināyatu, itthigumbassa pavarā, buddhassāhaṃ vatthayugaṃ adāsiṃ, dvayaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, pemaṃ mahantaṃ ratanattayassa, kare pasādañca naro avassaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho, balakāyo, devanikāyo, ariyagaṇo’’- iccevamādayo, ‘‘dvikaṃ tika’’miccādayo ca samudāyavasena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā.

Katthaci pana īdisesu ṭhānesu bahuvacanapayogāpi dissanti. Tathā hi ‘‘pūjitā ñātisaṅghehi, devakāyā samāgatā, sabbete devanikāyā, dve devasaṅghā, tīṇi dukāni, cattāri navakāni’’ iccevamādayo payogāpi dissanti. Ime ekavacanavasena vattabbassa samudāyassa bahusamudāyavasena bahuvacanapayogāti gahetabbā, saṅgayhamānā ca bavhatthabahuvacane saṅgahaṃ gacchanti visuṃyeva vā, tasmā bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacananti etesaṃ nāmaṃ veditabbaṃ.

‘‘Pāṇaṃ na hane, sasso sampajjati’’ iccevamādayo jātivasena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā, tabbhāvasāmaññena bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogātipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati.

‘‘Nāgaṃ raṭṭhassa pūjitaṃ, sāvatthī saddhā ahosi pasannā’’ iccevamādayo nissayavasena pavattānaṃ nissayavohārena vuttānamekavacanapayogā.

‘‘Tilakkhaṇaṃ, kusalākusalaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, dhammavinayo, cittaseno ca gandhabbo, natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti, āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti’’ iccevamādayo ekattalakkhaṇe bavhatthānaṃ ekavacanapayogā.

‘‘Evaṃ mayaṃ gaṇhāma, amhākaṃ pakati, padhānanti kho meghiya vadamānaṃ kinti vadeyyāma’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa attavasena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Te manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ ‘bhuñjatha bhante’ti, ahaṃ manussesu manussabhūtā, abbhāgatānā’sanakaṃ adāsiṃ’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa garukāravasena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Appaccayā dhammā, asaṅkhatā dhammā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa aparicchedavasena bahuvacanapayogā, aniyamitasaṅkhāvasena bahuvacanapayogā vā.

Keci pana ‘‘desanāsotapātavasena bahuvacanapayogā’’tipi vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi tathāgato satisampajaññarahito dhammaṃ deseti, yutti ca na dissati ‘‘mātikāyaṃ pucchāyaṃ vissajjane cāti tīsupi ṭhānesu appaccayādidhamme desento satthā punappunaṃ bahuvacanavasena desanāsote patitvā dhammaṃ desetī’’ti.

‘‘Katame dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa mātikānusandhinayena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Ime dhammā appaccayā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchānusandhinayena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Katame dhammā no parāmāsā, te dhamme ṭhapetvā avasesā kusalākusalābyākatā dhammā’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa pucchāsabhāgena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Atthi bhikkhave aññeva dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedetī’’ti ayamekassatthassa puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇavasena bahuvacanapayogo.

‘‘Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane,

Santi puttā videhānaṃ, dīghāvu raṭṭhavaḍḍhano;

Te rajjaṃ kārayissanti, mithilāyaṃ pajāpati’’ –

Iccevamādayo saddā ye ye bahavo, tannivāsataṃputtasaṅkhātassekatthassa rūḷhīvasena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Sāriputtamoggallāne āmantesi ‘gacchatha tumhe sāriputtā kīṭāgiriṃ gantvā assajipunabbasukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kīṭāgirismā pabbājanīyakammaṃ karotha, tumhākaṃ ete saddhivihārino’ti’’, ‘‘kacci vo kulaputtā, etha byagghā nivattavho’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa aññenatthena ekābhidhānavasena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karonti’’ iccevamādayo ekassatthassa nissitavasena bahuvacanapayogā.

‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti ayamārammaṇabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.

‘‘Cattāro sammappadhānā’’ti ayaṃ pana kiccabhedena ekassatthassa bahuvacanapayogo.

Tattha ekatthekavacanaṃ, samudāyāpekkhekavacanaṃ, jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ, tannissayāpekkhekavacanaṃ, ekattalakkhaṇekavacananti pañcavidhaṃ ekavacanaṃ bhavati. Ettha pana jātyāpekkhekavacanaṃ atthato sāmaññāpekkhekavacanamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Bavhatthabahuvacanaṃ, bahusamudāyāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ, attabahuvacanaṃ, garukārabahuvacanaṃ, aparicchedabahuvacanaṃ, mātikānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ, pucchānusandhinayabahuvacanaṃ, pucchāsabhāgabahuvacanaṃ, puthucittasamāyogaputhuārammaṇabahuvacanaṃ, tannivāsabahuvacanaṃ, taṃputtabahuvacanaṃ, ekābhidhānabahuvacanaṃ, tannissitāpekkhabahuvacanaṃ , ārammaṇabhedabahuvacanaṃ, kiccabhedabahuvacananti pannarasavidhaṃ bahuvacanaṃ bhavati. Iccevaṃ vīsadhā sabbāni ekavacanabahuvacanāni saṅgahitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –

Ekatthe dekavacana-ñcitarasmitarampi ca;

Samudāyajātiekatta-lakkhaṇekavacopi ca;

Sāṭṭhakathe piṭakamhi, pāṭhe pāyena dissare.

Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, bahuvacanakaṃ pana;

Pāḷiyaṃ appakaṃ aṭṭha-kathāṭīkāsu taṃ bahuṃ.

Tathā hi bahukaṃ deka-vacanaṃyeva pāḷiyaṃ;

Garumhi cattanekasmiṃ, idamettha nidassanaṃ.

‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;

Tava sāsanamāgamma, pattomhi amataṃ padaṃ’’.

Iccevamādayo pāṭhā, bahudhā jinasāsane;

Dissantīti vijāneyya, vidvā akkharacintako.

Sātisayaṃ garukārā-rahassāpi mahesino;

Ekavacanayogena, niddeso dissate yato.

Tato vohārakusalo, kareyyatthānurūpato;

Ekavacanayogaṃ vā, itaraṃ vā sumedhaso.

Pāyena tannivāsamhi, bahuvacanakaṃ ṭhitaṃ;

Taṃputte appakaṃ tanni-ssayekavacanampi ca.

Puthucittāpariccheda-mātikāsandhiādisu;

Bahuvacanakañcāpi, appakanti pakāsaye.

Ekābhidhānato kiccā, tathā gocaratopi ca;

Bahuvacanakaṃ tanni-ssitāpekkhañca appakaṃ.

Iccevaṃ sappayogaṃ tu, ñatvāna vacanadvayaṃ;

Kātabbo pana vohāro, yathāpāḷi vibhāvinā.

Idāni kālādivasena ākhyātappavattiṃ dīpayissāma – kālakārakapurisaparidīpakaṃ kriyālakkhaṇaṃ ākhyātikaṃ. Tatra kālanti atītānāgatapaccuppannavasena tayo kālā, atītānāgatapaccuppannāṇattiparikappakālātipattivasena pana cha, te ekekā tipurisakā.

Vuttappakārakālesu, yadidaṃ vattate yato;

Ākhyātikaṃ tato tassa, kāladīpanatā matā.

Kārakanti kammakattubhāvā. Te hi upacāramukhyasabhāvavasena karonti karaṇanti ca ‘‘kārakā’’ti vuccanti. Teva yathākkamaṃ kriyānimitta taṃsādhaka taṃsabhāvāti veditabbā.

Kammaṃ kattā ca bhāvo ca, iccevaṃ kārakā tidhā;

Vibhattipaccayā ettha, vuttā nāññatra saccato.

‘‘Paribhaviyyati’’ccādī, kamme sijjhanti kārake;

‘‘Sambhavatī’’tiādīni, sijjhare kattukārake.

‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’iccādī, bhāve sijjhanti kārake;

Tividhesvevametesu, vibhattipaccayā matā.

Kārakattayamuttaṃ yaṃ, ākhyātaṃ natthi sabbaso;

Tasmā taddīpanattampi, tassākhyātassa bhāsitaṃ.

Kārakattaṃ tu bhāvassa, sacepi na samīritaṃ;

Kārakalakkhaṇe tena, bhāvena ca avatthunā.

Kriyānipphatti natthīti, yuttitopi ca natthi taṃ;

Tathāpākhyātike tassa, tabbohāro niruttiyaṃ;

Patiṭṭhitanayovāti, mantvā amhehi bhāsito.

Purisoti ekavacanabahuvacanakā paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisā. Tattha paṭhamapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā tumhā’mhasaddavajjite paccattavacanabhūte nāmamhi ‘‘abhinīhāro samijjhati, bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesuñāṇa’’ntiādīsu viya payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati ‘‘bhāsati vā karoti vā, pīḷiyakkhoti maṃ vidū, vuccatīti vacana’’ntiādīsu viya appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Katthaci pana pāḷippadese nāmassa appayuttattā paṭhamapurisapayogattho duranubodho bhavati, yathā ‘‘dukkhaṃ te vedayissāmi, tattha assāsayantu ma’’nti. Tathā hi ettha ‘‘pādā’’ti pāṭhaseso, tasmiṃ dukkhasāsanārocane vattuṃ avisahanavasena kilamantaṃ maṃ devassa ubho pādā assāsentu, vissaṭṭho kathehīti maṃ vadathāti adhippāyo ca bhavati.

Adhippāyo sudubbodho, yasmā vijjati pāḷiyaṃ;

Tasmā upaṭṭhahaṃ gaṇhe, garuṃ garumataṃ vidū.

Tatrimāni bhūdhātādhikārattā bhūdhātuvasena nidassanapadāni. So paribhavati, te paribhavanti, paribhavati, paribhavanti. Sapatto abhibhaviyate, sabbā vityā’nubhūyate, abhibhaviyate, anubhūyateti. Yattha satipi nāmassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, tattha kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca paṭhamapurisādayo tayo labbhanti. Taṃ yathā? Paribhaviyyate puriso devadattena, paribhaviyyase tvaṃ devadattena, paribhaviyyamhe mayaṃ akusalehi dhammehi. Ettha panidaṃ vacanaṃ na vattabbaṃ ‘‘nindanti tuṇhimāsina’ntiādīsu satipi nāmassa kammavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhatīti paṭhamapurisuppatti na siyā’’ti. Kasmāti ce? ‘‘Nindanti tuṇhimāsina’’ntiādīsu ‘‘janā’’ti ajjhāharitabbassa sādhakavācakassa nāmassa saddhimākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇabhāvassa icchitattā. Evamuttaratrāpi nayo.

Majjhimapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā paccattavacanabhūte tumhasadde payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Tvaṃ atibhavasi, tumhe atibhavatha, atibhavasi, atibhavatha. Tvaṃ paribhaviyase devadattena, tumhe paribhaviyavhe. Yattha satipi tumhasaddassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, na tattha majjhimapuriso hoti. Itare pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā? Tayā abhibhaviyate sapatto, tayā abhibhaviye ahaṃ.

Uttamapuriso ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇe sādhakavācake vā kammavācake vā paccattavacanabhūte amhasadde payujjamānepi, taṭṭhāniyatte sati appayujjamānepi sabbadhātūhi paro hoti. Ahaṃ paribhavāmi, mayaṃ paribhavāma, paribhavāmi, paribhavāma. Ahaṃ paribhaviyyāmi akusalehi dhammehi, mayaṃ paribhaviyyāma, paribhaviyyāmi, paribhaviyyāma. Yattha satipi amhasaddassa sādhakavācakatte apaccattavacanattā ākhyātapadena tulyādhikaraṇatā na labbhati, na tattha uttamapuriso hoti. Itare pana dve honti kammavācakaṃ paccattavacanabhūtaṃ tulyādhikaraṇapadaṃ paṭicca. Taṃ yathā? Mayā anubhaviyate sampatti, mayā abhibhaviyase tvaṃ. Evaṃ yattha yattha sādhakavācakānaṃ vā kammavācakānaṃ vā nāmādīnaṃ paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ ākhyātapadehi tulyādhikaraṇatte laddhe tattha tattha paṭhamapurisādayo labbhanti, tasmā nāmādīnaṃ paccattavacanabhūtānaṃ tulyādhikaraṇabhāvoyeva paṭhamapurisādīnamuppattiyā kāraṇaṃ.

Dvinnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vā purisānamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. Ettha ekābhidhānaṃ nāma ekato abhidhānaṃ ekakālābhidhānañca. Tañca kho casaddapayogeyeva, acasaddapayoge bhinnakālābhidhāne taggahaṇābhāvato. ‘‘Tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha, mayamatthakusalā bhavāma’’ iccevamādayo tappayogā. Tattha tumhe atthakusalā bhavatha – iccetasmiṃ vohāre ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti evaṃ dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘Mayamatthakusalā bhavāma’’ iccetasmiṃ pana ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evampi dvinnamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. ‘‘So ca atthakusalo bhavati, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā ‘‘so ca atthakusalo bhavati, te ca atthakusalā bhavanti, tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, tumhe ca atthakusalā bhavatha, ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā evaṃ tiṇṇamekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo.

Aparopi atthanayo vuccati – ‘‘tvañca atthakusalo bhavasi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati, tumhe atthakusalā bhavathā’’ti vā ‘‘ahañca atthakusalo bhavāmi, so ca atthakusalo bhavati, mayamatthakusalā bhavāmā’’ti vā iminā nayena anekappabhedo atthanayo. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu pañcamīsattamiyādīsu paropuriso gahetabbo. Sabbesu ca kriyāpadesu bavhatthavācakesu bahuvacanantesu, na pana bahuvacanantesupi ekassattano vācakesu garukātabbassekassatthassa vācakesu ca kriyāpadesu. Ettha codanāsandīpaniyo imā gāthā –

‘‘Tvañca bhavasi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;

‘‘Tumhe bhavatha’’ iccādi, paroposo kathaṃ siyā?;

‘‘Ahaṃ bhavāmi so cāpi, bhavati’’ccādibhāsane;

‘‘Mayaṃ bhavāma’’iccādi, uttamo ca kathaṃ siyā?;

Ettha ca vuccate –

Pacchā vutto paro nāma, saññāya paṭipāṭiyā;

Evaṃ pana gahetabbo, paropurisanāmako.

Paṭhamamhā paro nāma, majjhimo uttamopi ca;

Majjhimamhā paro nāma, uttamo puriso ruto.

Evaṃ tu gahaṇañhettha, vohārassānulomakaṃ;

Doso tadanulomamhi, gahaṇasmiṃ na vijjati.

‘‘Tvañca bhadde sukhī hohi, eso cāpi mahāmigo’’;

Iti pāṭho yato diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase.

‘‘Tumhe dve sukhitā hotha’’, iccattho tattha dissati;

Evaṃpyayaṃ nayo vutto, attanomatiyā mama.

Attanomati kiñcāpi, kathitā sabbadubbalā;

Tathāpi nayamādāya, kathitattā akopiyā.

‘‘Dhammena rajjaṃ kārentaṃ, raṭṭhā pabbājayittha maṃ;

Tvañca jānapadā ceva, negamā ca samāgatā’’.

‘‘Ahañca maddidevī ca, jālīkaṇhājinā cubho;

Aññamaññaṃ sokanudā, vasāma assame tadā’’.

Etā gāthāpi etassa, atthassa pana sādhikā;

Tāsu vuttanayeneva, attho supākaṭo siyā;

Evaṃ viññūhi viññeyyaṃ, bahunā bhāsitena kiṃ.

Ākārena manāpena, kathane yena kenaci;

Na virujjhati ce attho, taṃ pamāṇaṃ sudhīmataṃ.

Purisattayato eso, paropurisanāmako;

Nupalabbhati paccekaṃ, tadantogadhatova yaṃ.

Pāṭavatthāya sotūnaṃ, vohāratthesu sabbaso;

Visuṃ alabbhamānopi, labbhamānova uddhaṭo.

Saṅkhepatopettha purisappavatti evaṃ upalakkhitabbā ‘‘amhavacanatthe uttamo, tumhavacanatthe majjhimo, aññesaṃ vacanatthe paṭhamo’’ti.

Tyādīnaṃ purisasaññā, yasmā vuttā tato idaṃ;

Tabbantākhyātikaṃ ñeyyaṃ, purisaparidīpakaṃ.

Evaṃ sabbathāpi ākhyātikassa kālakārakapurisaparidīpanatā vuttā.

Kriyālakkhaṇanti ettha kathaṃ ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇatā veditabbā?

Lakkhiyati kriyāyetaṃ, kriyā vā assa lakkhaṇaṃ;

Kriyālakkhaṇatā evaṃ, veditabbā tathā hi ca.

‘‘Gacchati’’ccādikaṃ sutvā, kriyāsandīpanaṃ padaṃ;

‘‘Ākhyātika’’nti dhīrehi, ākhyātaññūhi saññitaṃ.

Lakkhaṇaṃ hoti nāmassa, yathā satvābhidhānatā;

Kriyābhidhānatā evaṃ, ākhyātasseva lakkhaṇaṃ.

Atthato pana etassa, kriyāvācakatā idha;

Lakkhaṇaṃ iti viññeyyaṃ, lakkhaṇaññūhi lakkhitaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ karosī’’ti puṭṭhassa, ‘‘pacāmi’’ccādinā ‘‘ahaṃ’’;

Paṭivācāya dānena, kriyāvācakatā matā.

Evamākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇatā veditabbā;

Idāni kālesu vibhattippavatti evaṃ veditabbā –

Paccuppannamhi kālasmiṃ, vattamānā pavattati;

Āsiṭṭhāṇāpanatthesu, paccuppannamhi pañcamī.

Paccuppanne parikappā-numatyatthesu sattamī;

Appaccakkhe atītamhi, parokkhā sampavattati.

Hiyyo pabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;

Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, hiyyattanī niruttitā.

Ajjappabhuti kālasmiṃ, atītamhi pavattati;

Paccakkhe vā apaccakkhe, samīpejjatanavhayā.

Anāgate bhavissantī, kālasmiṃ sampavattati;

Kriyātipannamattamhi, tīte kālātipattikā;

Anāgatepi hotīti, niruttaññūhi bhāsitā.

Evaṃ kālesu vibhattippavattiṃ ñatvā ye te suttantesu vicittā suvisadavipulatikhiṇabuddhivisayabhūtā payogā dissanti, tesu pāṭavamicchantehi tyādikkamena vuccamānā kriyāpadamālā sallakkhitabbā – bhavati, bhavanti. Bhavasi, bhavatha. Bhavāmi, bhavāma. Bhavate, bhavante. Bhavase, bhavavhe. Bhave, bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ aññayogādirahitā kriyāpadamālā.

Dissanti ca suttantesu atthasambhavepi aññayogādirahitāni kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati. Yaṃ maṃ bhaṇasi sārathi. Aññaṃ sepaṇṇi gacchāmi’’ iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.

Ettha tividho kriyāpadesu yogo tayogo, mayogo, aññayogo ca. Tattha majjhimapurisā tayogavasena gahetabbā, uttamapurisā mayogavasena. Paṭhamapurisā aññayogavasena. Tyādīnamettha paṭipāṭiyā ayaṃ anugīti –

Aññayogena paṭhamā, tayogena tu majjhimā;

Mayogenuttamā honti, gahetabbā vibhāvinā.

Sotūnaṃ payogesu kosallatthaṃ aññayogādisahitamaparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma – so bhavati, te bhavanti. Tvaṃ bhavasi, tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavate, te bhavante. Tvaṃ bhavase, tumhe bhavavhe. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmhe. Ayaṃ aññayogādisahitā kriyāpadamālā.

Dissanti ca suttantesu aññayogādisahitānipi kriyāpadāni. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Yaṃpāyaṃ deva kumāro suppatiṭṭhitapādo, idampimassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavati, tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti. Yo dandhakāle tarati , taraṇīye ca dandhati, tvaṃsi ācariyo mama, ahampi daṭṭhukāmosmi, pitaraṃ me idhāgataṃ’’ iccevamādīni etassatthassa paridīpaniyā kriyāpadamālā.

Yo tumhasaddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti tumhatthavācako, neso saddo kriyāpadassa tayogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti. Yo ca amhasaddena vattabbe atthe nipatati, na pana hoti amhatthavācako, na sopi saddo kriyāpadassa mayogasahitattaṃ sādheti, aññadatthu aññayogasahitattaññeva sādheti.

Tatra tumhasaddena tāva vattabbatthe – ‘‘na bhavaṃ eti puññatthaṃ, sivirājassa dassanaṃ. Māyasmā samaggassa saṅghassa bhedāya parakkami. Idha bhante bhagavā paṃsukūlaṃ dhovatū’’ti iccevamādayo payogā. Amhasaddena pana vattabbatthe ‘‘upāli taṃ mahāvīra, pāde vandati satthuno. Sāvako te mahāvīra, saraṇo vandati satthuno’’ti ca iccevamādayo payogā. Idametthupalakkhitabbaṃ ‘‘tvaṃ tumhe ahaṃ maya’’nti atthadīpaka tayoga mayogato añño aññatthadīpano payogoyeva aññayogo nāma, tattha paṭhamapuriso bhavatīti.

Yajjevaṃ ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi antalikkhe. Esa sutvā pasīdāmi, vaco te isisattamā’’tiādīsu kathaṃ. Ettha hi majjhimuttamapurisasambhavoyeva dissati, na tu paṭhamapurisasambhavoti? Vuccate – ‘‘sabbāyasaṃ kūṭamatippamāṇaṃ, paggayha so tiṭṭhasi antalikkhe’’tiādīsu ‘‘so’’tiādikassa nāmasaddassa tumha’mhasaddassatthavācakasaddehi‘‘tiṭṭhasī’’tiādīnaṃ syādyantānaṃ padānaṃ dassanato accantamajjhāharitabbehi samānādhikaraṇattā tagguṇabhūtattā ca majjhimuttamapurisasambhavo samadhigantabbo. Īdisesu payogesu syādyantānaṃ dassanavasena avijjamānānipi ajjhāharitabbāni ‘‘tvamaha’’miccādīni padāni bhavanti. Katthaci pana paripuṇṇāni dissanti ‘‘sātvaṃ vaṅkamanuppattā, kathaṃ maddi karissasi. So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā pura’’nti iccevamādīsu.

Ākhyātikassa kriyālakkhaṇattā aliṅgabhedattā ca tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanatthaṃ aparampi kriyāpadamālaṃ vadāma –

Puriso bhavati, kaññā bhavati, cittaṃ bhavati, purisā bhavanti, kaññāyo bhavanti, cittāni bhavanti. Bho purisa tvaṃ bhavasi, bhoti kaññe tvaṃ bhavasi, bho citta tvaṃ bhavasi, bhavanto purisā tumhe bhavatha, bhotiyo kaññāyo tumhe bhavatha, bhavanto cittāni tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ puriso bhavāmi, ahaṃ kaññā bhavāmi, ahaṃ cittaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ purisā bhavāma, mayaṃ kaññāyo bhavāma, mayaṃ cittāni bhavāma.

Esa nayo attanopadesu, sesavibhattīnaṃ sabbapadesupi. Ayamākhyātikassa tiṇṇaṃ liṅgānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvaparidīpanī kriyāpadamālāva.

Vuttañhetaṃ niruttipiṭake ‘‘kriyālakkhaṇamākhyātikamaliṅgabheda’’miti. Tatra aliṅgabhedamiti ko attho? Itthipumanapuṃsakānaṃ avisesattho vuccate ‘‘aliṅgabheda’’miti. Yathā ‘‘puriso gacchati, kaññā gacchati, cittaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Catudhā uddiṭṭhakriyāpadesu yathā ‘‘bhavatī’’ti akārānantaratyantapadaṃ gahetvā ‘‘bhavati bhavanti bhavasī’’tiādinā kriyāpadamālā sabbathā katā, evaṃ ‘‘ubbhavati’’ccādīnipi akārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā ‘‘ubbhavati ubbhavanti ubbhavasī’’tiādinā kriyāpadamālā sabbathā kātabbā. ‘‘Bhoti sambhotī’’tiādīni pana okārānantaratyantapadāni, ‘‘bhāveti vibhāvetī’’tiādīni ca ekārānantaratyantapadāni gahetvā pāḷinayānusāreneva padamālā kātabbā, nayidha vuttanayānusārena. Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu duranubodhā kriyāpadagati. Ato labbhamānavasena kriyāpadamālā kātabbā. Na hi loke lokiyā sabbe dhātusadde paccekaṃ sabbehipi channavutiyā vacanehi yojetvā vadanti, evaṃ avadantānampi nesaṃ kathā aparipuṇṇā nāma na hoti, tasmā vajjetabbaṭṭhānaṃ vajjetvā yathāsambhavaṃ padamālā kātabbā. Evaṃ pañcamiyādīsupi vibhattīsu. Ayaṃ vattamānavibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Ito paṭṭhāya pana yathuddiṭṭhapadāneva pariṇāmetvā pariṇāmetvā pañcamiyādīnaṃ mātikābhāvena gahetabbāni. Idāni pana tayogādisahitāsahitavasena dvidhā kriyāpadamālāyo dassessāma kvacādesavasena sambhūtāni ca rūpantarāni sotūnaṃ sukhadhāraṇatthañceva purisappayoge asammohatthañca.

Bhavatu, bhavantu. Bhavāhi, bhava, bhavatha. Bhavāmi, bhavāma. Bhavataṃ, bhavantaṃ. Bhavassu, bhavavho. Bhave, bhavāmase. So bhavatu, te bhavantu. Tvaṃ bhavāhi, bhava, tumhe bhavatha. Ahaṃ bhavāmi, mayaṃ bhavāma. So bhavataṃ, te bhavantaṃ. Tvaṃ bhavassu, tumhe bhavavho. Ahaṃ bhave, mayaṃ bhavāmase. Ayaṃ pañcamīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Bhaveyya, bhave, bhaveyyuṃ. Bhaveyyāsi, bhaveyyātha. Bhaveyyāmi, bhaveyyāma, bhavemu. Bhavetha, bhaveraṃ. Bhavetho, bhaveyyāvho. Bhaveyyaṃ, bhaveyyāmhe iti vā, so bhaveyya , bhave, te bhaveyyuṃ. Tvaṃ bhaveyyāsi, tumhe bhaveyyātha. Ahaṃ bhaveyyāmi, mayaṃ bhaveyyāma, bhavemu. So bhavetha, te bhaveraṃ. Tvaṃ bhavetho, tumhe bhaveyyāvho. Ahaṃ bhaveyyaṃ, mayaṃ bhaveyyāmhe iti vā. Ayaṃ sattamīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Babhūva, babhūvu. Babhūve, babhūvittha. Babhūvaṃ, babhūvimha. Babhūvittha, babhūvire. Babhūvittho, babhūvivho. Babhūviṃ, babhūvimhe iti vā, so babhūva, te babhūvu. Tvaṃ babhūve, tumhe babhūvittha. Ahaṃ babhūvaṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimha. So babhūvittha, te babhūvire. Tvaṃ babhūvittho, tumhe babhūvivho. Ahaṃ babhūviṃ, mayaṃ babhūvimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ parokkhāvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavo, abhavattha. Abhavaṃ, abhavamhā. Abhavattha, abhavatthuṃ. Abhavase, abhavavhaṃ. Abhaviṃ, abhavamhase iti vā, so abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe abhavattha. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhā. So abhavattha, te abhavatthuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavase, tumhe abhavavhaṃ. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavamhase iti vā. Ayaṃ hiyyattanīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Abhavi, abhavuṃ. Abhavo, abhavittha. Abhaviṃ, abhavimhā. Abhavā, abhavū. Abhavase, abhavivhaṃ. Abhavhaṃ, abhavimhe iti vā, so abhavi, te abhavuṃ. Tvaṃ abhavo, tumhe abhavittha. Ahaṃ abhaviṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhā. So abhavā, te abhavū. Tvaṃ abhavase, tumhe abhavivhaṃ. Ahaṃ abhavaṃ, mayaṃ abhavimhe iti vā. Ayaṃ ajjatanīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Ettha panajjataniyā uṃvacanassa iṃsumādesavasena bhavatino rūpantarānipi veditabbāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Te bhaviṃsu, samubbhaviṃsu, pabhaviṃsu, parābhaviṃsu, sambhaviṃsu, pātubhaviṃsu, pātubbhaviṃsu , imāni akammakapadāni. Paribhaviṃsu, abhibhaviṃsu, adhibhaviṃsu, atibhaviṃsu, anubhaviṃsu, samanubhaviṃsu, abhisambhaviṃsu.

‘‘Adhibhosu’’nti rūpampi, yasmā dissati pāḷiyaṃ;

Tasmā hi nayato ñe yyaṃ, ‘‘paribhosu’’ntiādikaṃ.

Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – ‘‘evaṃvihāriñcāvuso bhikkhuṃ rūpā adhibhosuṃ, na bhikkhu rūpe adhibhosī’’ti. Imāni sakammakapadāni, evamajjataniyā uṃvacanassa iṃsumādesavasena bhavatino rūpantarāni bhavanti. Apica

‘‘Anvabhi’’ itirūpampi, ajjatanyā padissati;

Tasmā hi nayato ñeyyaṃ, ‘‘ajjhabhi’’ccādikampi ca.

Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi – so tena kammena divaṃ samakkami, sukhañca khiḍḍāratiyo ca anvabhīti. Tattha anvabhīti anu abhīti chedo. Anūti upasaggo. Abhīti ākhyātikapadanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Bhavissati, bhavissanti. Bhavissasi, bhavissatha. Bhavissāmi, bhavissāma. Bhavissate, bhavissante. Bhavissase, bhavissavhe. Bhavissaṃ, bhavissāmhe iti vā, so bhavissati, te bhavissanti. Tvaṃ bhavissasi, tumhe bhavissatha. Ahaṃ bhavissāmi, mayaṃ bhavissāma. So bhavissate, te bhavissante. Tvaṃ bhavissase, tumhe bhavissavhe. Ahaṃ bhavissaṃ, mayaṃ bhavissāmhe iti vā. Ayaṃ bhavissantīvibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Abhavissā, abhavissaṃsu. Abhavisse, abhavissatha. Abhavissaṃ, abhavissāmhā. Abhavissatha, abhavissisu. Abhavissase, abhavissavhe. Abhavissiṃ, abhavissāmhase iti vā, so abhavissā, te abhavissaṃsu. Tvaṃ abhavisse, tumhe abhavissatha. Ahaṃ abhavissaṃ, mayaṃ abhavissāmhā. So abhavissatha, te abhavissisu. Tvaṃ abhavissase, tumhe abhavissavhe. Ahaṃ abhavissiṃ, mayaṃ abhavissāmhase iti vā. Ayaṃ kālātipattivibhattivasena kriyāpadamālāniddeso.

Vohārabhedakusalena subuddhinā yo,

Kaccāyanena kathito jinasāsanatthaṃ;

Tyādikkamo tadanugaṃ kiriyāpadānaṃ,

Katvā kamo bhavatidhātuvasena vutto.

Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu viññūnaṃ

Kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe

Bhavatino kriyāpadamālāvibhāgo nāma

Dutiyo paricchedo.